Relays sensory information to other areas of the brain
Awareness of spatial orientation
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Auditory receptive areas
Memory patterns
Wernicke's area (processing of words and understanding of speech)
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Primary visual center
What is the primary injury in a TBI?
A primary injury occurs at the time of the traumatic event.
What is the secondary injury in a TBI?
Secondary injury occurs after the initial injury (primary) as a result of edema and ischemia. Hematomas worsen outcomes as well due to the limited room for swelling in the skull.
Where does an epidural hematoma take place at? What is it the result of?
An epidural hematoma occurs between the dura and the skull.
It is a result of arterial bleeding into the epidural space, and often caused by fracture of the temporal bone.
Epidural hematomas are signature for a short period of unconsciousness followed by ___?
Short unconsciousness is first, followed by:
Lucid intervals in which the brain is able to compensate for increased ICP, followed by:
Rapid deterioration due to the brain no longer being able to compensate for increased ICP. Arterial bleeding causes the rapid deterioration.
Where do subdural hematomas take place? What causes them?
Subdural hematomas occur beneath the dura and above the arachnoid.
They result from venous bleeding.
Usually due to trauma.
Acute subdural hematomas present within what time frame following injury?
Acute SDHs present in less than 48 hours after injury.
Sub-acute and acute are more likely than chronic SDHs to result in major brain damage.
Sub-acute subdural hematomas present within what time frame following injury?
Sub-acute SDHs present between 48 hours and 2 weeks after injury.
Sub-acute and acute are more likely than chronic SDHs to result in major brain damage.
Chronic subdural hematomas present within what time frame following injury?
Chronic SDHs present from 2 weeks to several months after injury.
Can be caused by minor injuries, and symptoms "come and go".
Intracerebral hemorrhaging is bleeding ________?
Within the brain.
Intracerebral hemorrhaging can lead to many issues: