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tibia
large bone in lower leg
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fibula
small bone in lower leg
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sternum
area between the ribs, directly over the heart
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humerus
bone in upper arm
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radius
bone in lower arm on the thumb side
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ulna
bone in the lower arm on the pinkie side
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carpals
bones of the wrist
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metacarpals
bones of the hand
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phalanges
term used for the fingers and toes
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pelvis
bone below the spine, think hips
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sacrum
thick part of vertebral column near pelvis
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cells
the simplest unit of life
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tissues
many cells working together to perform the same job
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organs
groups of tissues working together to perform a specific task
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organ systems
groups of organs working together to perform a job
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organism
groups of organ systems working together
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connective tissue
holds other tissues in the body together
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epithelial tissue
covers the outside of the body and lines stuctures on the inside of the body
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muscle tissue
surrounds the bone and combines with other tissue to make organs
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nervous tissue
allows the body to sense and respond to the environment
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compact bone
hardest part of bones
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periosteum
thin membrane that covers a bone
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spongy bone
bone cells that make up the soft and spongy ends of bones
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joint
place where tow or more bones meet
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ligaments
tissue that connects bone to bone
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skeletal muscle
attach to bones by tendons for movement
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smooth muscle
found in the organs
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cardiac muscles
found only in the heart
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involuntary muscles
you don't have to think about it in order for it to work
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Muscles work ing ___________.
pairs
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digestion
the breaking down of food into nutrients the body can use
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ingestion
to eat or take food into the body
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chemical digestion
using chemicals/enzymes to bread down food
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mechanical digestion
using physical force to break food up (teeth/stomach churning)
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Mouth
chemical and mechanical digestion occurs
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salivary glands
where saliva is made
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taste buds
bumps on your tongue that are sensory organs
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tongue
muscle that pushes the food around and towards the throat
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peristalsis
the process of pushing food through the digestive system
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esophagus
the tube tht goes between the mouth and the stomach
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stomach
mechanical and chemical digestion
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chyme
the semiliquid mixture that leaves the stomach
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small intestines
absorption of nutrients occurs here
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liver
makes bile, cleans blood, breaks down red blood cells
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gall bladder
reservoir for bile
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pancreas
makes digestive juices and hormones
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large intestines
absorbs the water, bacteria lives here
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rectum
the storage place for feces before exiting the body
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anus
the opening that feces exits
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menstruation
the process of eliminating blood and tissue from the uterus each month
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urethra
the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body
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ovary
where the woman's eggs are stored
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fallopian tubes
the tube that leads from the ovary to the uterus
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uterus
the womb, place where a fetus grows until ready to be born
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placenta
the disposable organ that forms for a fetus to get oxygen and nutrients from the mother
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red blood cells
carries oxygen, carbon dioxide to and from the body and lungs
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white blood cells
disease fighters
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hemoglobin
the component of red blood cells that allow them to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
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platelets
clotting agents - band aids for the blood vessels
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plasma
the liquid part of the blood... carries nutrients, wastes, hormones
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heart
organ responsible for propelling blood through the body
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veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
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arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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capillaries
small vessels that connect arteries to veins
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lungs
the main organ of the respiratory systems where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exhanged
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diaphragm
the muscle that pushes and pulls air into and out of the lungs
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atrium
upper chamber of the heart
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septum
thick tissue wall that separatres the left and right sides of the heart
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valve
thin flap of tissue that acts like a one-way door
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ventricle
lower chamber of the heart
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aorta
lragest artery in the body
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circulation
movement of blood through the body
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pulmonary artery
artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs
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excretion
the process of waste removal
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feces
solid wastes that contain water, bacteria, bile, salts, and cellulos
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liquid wastes
sweat, urine
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gaseous wastes
carbon dioxide, farts, burps
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bladder
the muscular bag that stores uring
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ureter
the tubes that lead from each kidney to the bladder
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brain
sends and receives signals via neurons, reponsible for movement, learning, speech, and thinking.
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neurons
cells specific to the nervous system
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synapse
the space between the dendrites of one neuron and the terminals of another
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dendrites
the signal receivers of a neuron
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terminals
the signal senders of a neuron
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cell body
the main area of a neuron, contains the nucleus
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axon
long thin fiber of the neuron between the cell body and the terminals
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light
a form of electromagnetic energy that is made of photons
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What are the colors of the visible spectrum?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
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wavelength
the distance between each peak of a wave
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prism
a triangular piece of glass that breaks white light into different colors
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regular reflection
when an image that is reflected is cleare
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diffused reflection
when an image is blurry after being reflected
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concave lens
lenses that spread light out
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convex lens
lenses that focus light to a point
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focal point
the point at which all the light is focused after going through a convex lens
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cone
responsible for color vision and detail
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rod
responsible for dark/light vision
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retina
the thin membrane at the back of the eye that holds the photoreceptors
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photoreceptors
the specialized neurons used only for vision
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