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What are the three main parts of the cell?
The cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus
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What does the cell membrane do?
Protects the cell; holds in water and nucleus; and allows water, nutrients and waste products to pass into and out of the cell (it is semipermeable)-selectively allows various things to pass into or out of cell
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What is the cytoplasm primarily composed of?
Water, H2O
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What is the cytoplasm involved in?
Conducts all cellular metabolism; contains organelles; takes unrefined material and builds or assemble new substances. (Anabolism-assembly of larger molecules from smaller ones); produces energy by breaking down organic matter (Catabolism); packages matter for distribution to other areas; eliminates waste
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What are the different organelles within the cytoplasm?
Centrosomes/centrioles; ribosomes; lysosomes; mitochondria; golgi apparatus; and endoplasmic reticulum
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What is the function of centrosomes/centrioles?
participates in cell division
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What is the function of ribosomes?
synthesize protein
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What is the function of lysosomes?
contains enzymes for intracellular digestive process
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What is the function of the mitochondria?
produces energy
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What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
combines proteins with carbohydrates
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What is the function of the Endoplasmic reticulum?
Acts as a transportation system to move food and molecules within the cell. Smooth and rough
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What is anabolism?
Assembly of larger molecules from smaller ones. Makes big things out of little things. (building up)
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What is catabolism?
process of breaking down matter
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What does the nucleus contain?
Contains DNA and RNA.
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What does DNA control?
It controls cell division and controls all cellular functions
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What are the two types of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
It is able to leave the nucleus and directs cell activity
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What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
It does the work as directed by mRNA to create proteins
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What is DNA made of?
Adenine (A), Cystosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T)
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What other components does the cell consist of?
Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; Water; Acids, bases, salts (electrolytes)
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What do proteins do?
Takes 22 amino acids to create a proteins and the arrangement of the amino acids decide its function.
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What are the different proteins?
Enzymes, Hormones, and Antibodies
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What percentage of the cell is proteins?
15%
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What is the function of an enzyme?
Effect cell function and repair damage
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What is the function of hormones?
Regulate growth and development
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What is the function of an antibody?
Fights infection and foreign invaders
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What percentage of a cell are carbohydrates?
1%
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What are carbohydrates?
Starches and sugars. It is short-term energy for cell and body
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What percentage of the cell are lipids?
2%
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What are lipids?
Fat, long-term energy for cell and body, insulation, support and protection for body and lubrication for joints
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What percent of the cell are nucleic acids?
1%
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What percent of the cell is water?
80%
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What percent of the cell are acids, bases, and salts (electrolytes)?
1%
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What are acids, bases, salts (electrolytes)?
- Mineral salts, mainly sodium (Na) and Potassium (K).
- Cations = positive ion-Potassium (K) (loses an electron)
- Anion = negative ion-Phosphorus (P) (add or gained an electron)
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What is a cation?
A positive ion. Potassium (K). Loses an electron.
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What is an anion?
A negative ion. Phosphorus (P). Add or gain an electron.
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