Special Populations

A method of monitoring blood oxygenation levels

A disease such as rheumatoid arthritis that attacks the body’s own tissues

A catheter passed through a peripheral vein and ending in the thoracic vena cava; it is used to measure venous pressure or to infuse concentrated solutions

A disorder of the endocrine system that affects the production of insulin in the pancreas; either type I (in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin) or type II (in which the pancreas produces different amounts of insulin)

Inflammation of the small intestine and colon

Degree of function of an immune system that is designed to keep a patient from infection by pathogens

Concept that medical treatment of a trauma victim within the first hour following injury improves patient outcomes

The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Abnormally low body temperature, typically defined as a core body temperature that is below 35°C

A method of ECG monitoring in which the intra-arterial catheter is inserted directly into the artery

A cancer that produces painful external and internal lesions; internally, the lesions can cause complications, such as difficulty in swallowing (if present in the esophagus) or bowel obstruction (when present in the intestine)

A potentially lethal disease of newborns caused by excessive accumulation of the bile pigment bilirubin

An attempt to understand the mechanism of injury and the action and effect of a particular type of force on the human body

Injury caused by a foreign object, such as a bullet or knife that passes through tissue

Abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

A scoring system used to assess the severity of a traumatic wound and to determine the condition of a patient

A state of shock produced by septicemia, when the body is overwhelmed by the pathogenic microorganisms and cannot adequately fight the infection

Removal of the spleen

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen

An abnormal contracted state of a muscle(s)

Amount of urine collected and measured from a patient over a given amount of time; indicator of kidney function

A device used for patients who are prone to the development of thrombophlebitis; a patient is fitted with intermittent venous compression boots that inflate and deflate every few seconds to promote the movement of venous blood in the leg(s)

The first 28 days of life outside the uterus

1-18 months/ Hope; bond to mother.

18-30 months/ Self-control and willpower; parents; autonomy versus shame and doubt.

30 months to 5 years/ Direction, purpose, conscience; learn basic right from wrong; identification.

6-12 years/ Competence; distinguish gender roles; develop skills; increased socialization.

13-18 years/ Fidelity and devotion to others; adjust to body changes; privacy; peers.

Intimate affiliation and love; select partner.

Develop relationships; at the pinnacle of power in career.

Productivity, consideration, charity; adjust to aging parents and children becoming adults

Wisdom; learn to accept help and body changes.

• Infants to 2 years (80-130) avg. 110
• 2-6 years (70-120) avg. 100
• 6-10 years (70-110) avg. 90
• 10-16 years (60-100) avg. 85

• 1 year 10-40
• 3 years 20-30
• 6 years 16-22
• 10 years 16-20
• 17 years 12-20

Infants & Children - a cutdown approach to the radial artery

Neonates - the umbilical artery

Children - inserted percutaneously into the subclavin or internal jugular vein

Neonates- a cutdown approach to the external jugular vein