-
Quantitative
data is represented in numbers
-
Qualitative
data is represented in words
-
The experiment
is the way to test for causes and to get results
-
Survey
a way to collect quantitative data
-
Content analysis
analyzing text such as books and using that as your data (pictures, clothing)
-
Secondary analysis
using data that you did not collect
-
Variable
empirical representations of concepts; something that changes or varies; has categories or values.
-
Concept
an idea or mental abstractions. These concepts become variables in quantitative methods.
-
Steps for concepts to become variables
- 1. conceptualization-you need a variable
- 2. operalization-you need measurement
-
Independent Variable
caused change to another variable, manipulated by the experimenter (IV)
-
Dependent Variable
what we want to measure, come after the IV (DV)
-
Intervening Variable
links IV and DV (comes between)
-
Control Variable
to test whether the inital relationship will stay the same between (IV) +(DV)
-
Categorical Variable
Separated in categories
-
Numerical Variables
The quantity of a concept being measured
-
Continuous
a variable that can only be measured with numbers that can be subdivided into smaller increments. (income, age)
-
Discrete
Variables measured with a limited number of fixed categories (gender, religion, race)
-
Mutually exclusive attributes
should only fit into one category
-
Exhaustive Attributes
should provide a category for all possible responses (every person should be able to answer the question)
-
Causal Alternate
States there is a relationship between IV+DV
Symbol (H)
-
Null Hypothesis
Is a statement of no relationship between IV+DV
Symbol (HO)
|
|