BIO chapter 1

an organism of microscopic size

specialized area of biology that deals with organisms that are to small to see without a microscope. ie viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa

took the first step in developing cell theory. Coined the word cell

first to see microbes in drop of water (microscope)

dismissed theory of spontanous life by showing sealed bottles didn't allow microbes to grow

pasteurization and swan neck bottle experiement

first to innoculate person with cowpox virus to protect them fom smallpox

proposed the first aseptic technique. He used phenol to wash OR

a procedure to establish the specific cause of a disease.

• 1. the agent must be found
• 2. inoculations of a pure culture must reproduce the same disease in animals
• 3. see agent in experimental animal
• 4. a pure culture must again be obtained.

attenuated (killed) microbe injected into a person to cure or prevent disease.  Word first used by Pasteur

discovered Penicillium notatum created a zone of clearing around bacterial media plate. Leads to isolation of antibiotics. Started process toward PCN

organisms living in extreme environments

single celled primitive prokaryotic life that have unusual anatomy, physiology and genetics living in harsh habitats. Woese found

• very small
• no nucleus
• single celled
• Bacteria and archaea
• 1st appeared 3.5 billion yrs ago

• multi-cellular
• has nucleus
• fungi, algae, protozoa, helminths

single celled fungus (eukaryote)

normal flora and fauna of a specific regon or body

normal organisms found on or in our bodies

non-cellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements, dependent on their infected host.

disease that animals pass to humans (the flu)

• opportunistic causes problems when your sik and is apart of normal flora
• transient comes from the outside world ie flu

something that casues a disease

virus without an envelope

more virulent

bacteria that infects a virus

1.8 billion yrs ago

organism that lives on decay and facilitates the process of decay

study of prokaryotes

study of fungus

study of algae

study of protozoa

ameoba, single celled organism

study of viruses

study of the immune system

idea that living things originate from other living things

idea that life appeared from non-living things

disproved spontaneous generation (meat and maggot experiment)

found that treated incoming gas kept microbes from growing

• advent of pasteurization
• heated wine to prevent it from souring
• if wine can be infected so can humans
• begining of germ theory

people are infected by microbes which causes sickness or disease

discontinous heat better than continuous to sterilize

discovered and described endospores

study of the spread of disease

• observed the spread of Puerperal fever (streptococcus) by healthcare providers
• gave guidelines to reduce transmission

the science of classifying living things

Carl Von Linne

Genus and species

a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

more precise or differing measures of a species such as similarity of DNA, morphology or ecological niche

• KINGS - kingdom
• PLAY - Phylum
• CHESS - class/domain
• ON - order
• FINE - family
• GREEN - Genus
• SATIN- species