LAB 1 Anatomy

a unit of living matter surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane and capable of reproduction in an environment devoid of other living things

large organic molecules that are synthesized from smaller organic components by living organisms.  Four main groups: protein, lipid, polysaccharides and nucleic acids

the hollow space within a tubular organ that is continuous with that of an adjacent organ.

mucous membrane - the lining layer of the tubular organs of the visceral body systems.

normal anatomic position

a body stucture composed of at least two diferent tissues

a structural subcomponent of a cell composed of various combinations of biological macromolecules. 

the functional part of the organ

• the structural design features of the body.
• Include tubulation, stratification, zygomorphism, metamerism, and cavitation

hollowness within an organ that continues into an adjacent organ

layering

bilateral symmetry

linear sequencing

space between organs or solely within a single organ

serous membrane - a thin transparent membrane formed of epithelium and connective tissue that lines the thoracic and abdominal cavities. also named pericardium and other names

a group of organs that fulfills a specific function

a group of similar cells and their extracellular products

(plural = viscera) any organ that belongs to one of the visceral body systems. Such systems have 3 things in common:  tubular design, a mucous membrane lining, and one or more openings at the body surface

medial - toward or relatively closer to the median plane

lateral - away from or relatively farther from the median plane

proximal - toward or relatively closer to a reference point. Applied to limbs with reference point at the attachment of the limb to the trunk. when used on a limb, proximal has same meaning as superior

distal - away from or relatively farther from a reference point. when applied to the limbs same meaning as inferior (except on foot where distal is equivalent to anterior)

• ventral - toward or relatively closer to the belly
• in practice, commonly used to refer to lower aspect/underside of an organ or part.
• The ventral side of the tongue is attached to the floor of the oral cavity

palmer - closer to anterior aspect of the hand

plantar - toward or closer to sole of foot, synonymous with inferior

middle - position between superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, proximal/distal, or superficial/deep.

intermediate - a "side to side" position between medial and lateral structures

• radial implies closer to the lateral aspect of the entire superior limb
• ulnar implies the medial aspect.
• Ex: the thumb is always on the radial side of the hand regardless of hand postion

• tibial implies toward or relatively closer to the medial side of the inferior limb
• fibular implies the lateral aspect

• indicates a structure or position on the same side of the body
• EX: the left superior limb and left inferior limb are on the ipsilateral side of the body

• contralateral implies a position on the opposite side of the body
• EX: the left and right superior limbs are on contralateral sides of the trunk

right

left

• 1. should be designated by single term or phrase (limited exceptions)
• 2. each term should be in Latin for official list, but anatomists are free to translate
• 3.  each term should be as short and simple as possible
• 4.  terms should be easy to remember, should have instructive and descriptive value
• 5.  structures close topographically should have similar names
• 6. differentiating adjectives should generally be opposites
• 7. Terms derived from proper names should not be used

caput

cranium

frons

occiput

vertex

tempus

auris

facies

oculus

nasus

os

bucca

mentum

collum

nucha (noo ka)

cervix

truncus

dorsum

thorax/pectus

abdomen

4: chest, abdomen, pelvis, back

5: shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, and hand

5: hip, thigh, knee, leg, and foot

pelvis

membrum superioris

regio deltoideus

brachium

cubitus

antebrachium

manus

carpus

metacarpus

digiti manus

• first digit
• digitus primus; pollex

• second digit
• digitus secundus, index

digitus tertius, digitus medius

digitus quartus, digitus anularis

digitus quintus, digitus minimus

membrum inferioris

coxa

femur

genu

crus

sura

pes

tarsus

metatarsus

digiti pes

digitus primus, hallux

digitus secundus

digitus tertius

digitus quartus

digitus quintus, digitus minimus

• visceral body systems include digestive, respiratory, urinary, m/f reproductive.  3 common Charactieristics: one or more openings at body surface, a tubular disign, and specialized lining called mucous membrane
• somatic body systems lack one or more of these characteristics

• when handwriting book titles, underline
• when typed, in italics