Chapter 7

single deep fissure that divides cerebral hemispheres

basal nuclei problem, results from a degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the substantia nigra, overactive

"fight or flight" system. when we are excited or find ourselves in emergency or threatening situations

that part of the forebrbain between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain including the thalamus, the third ventricle, and the hypothalamus

a division of the peripheral nervous system, also called the voluntary nervous system

the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily, innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

an electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity

ability to respond to a stimulus

outward folds of the surface of the cerebral cortex

a furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure

the region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain. important autonomic nervous system center because it plays a role in the regulation of body temp, water balance, and metabolism. part of limbic system

having to do with the sense of smell

outside of the CNS, consists of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord

brain and spinal cord, command center of nervous system. interpret sensory information and issue instruction

afferent, convey impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors

efferent, carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs. effect (bring about) a motor response

gaps between Schwann cells

whitish fatty material that covers most long nerve fibers. protects and insulates the fibers, increases transmission rate of nerve impulses

connect the motor and sensory neurons in neural pathways, always located in the CNS

neurons with an axon and a dendrite

all reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

has the primary motor area anterior to it that allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles

base of precentral gyrus, gives ability to speak

rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

 large fiber tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres

part of the epithalamus, for the cerebrospinal fluid

marked tissue distruction. severe ones result in coma of a few hours to a lifetime. worse than concussion

progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia

collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral column