-
What type of antigens are present on O type RBC's?
None
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What type of antigens are present on AB type RBC's?
A and B
-
What type of antibody does A type blood contain?
B
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What type of antibody does AB type blood contain?
none
-
What type of antibody does O type blood contain?
A and B
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Coagulation is a ______-based process.
Cell
-
Where does coagulation occur? (3 places)
- Occurs on the surface of endothelial
- cells, subendothelial cells, and platelets
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Which coagulation factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway?
8,9,11,12
-
Which coagulation factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway?
3, 7
-
The "common coagulation pathway" occurs after activation of what factor?
X
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Platelet count is actual number of
__________ per cubic ___ of blood
platelets (thrombocytes), mL
-
What is normal platelet count?
150,000-400,000/mm3
-
_______________ is the term for a platelet count lower than 150,000.
Thrombocytopenia
-
_______________ is the term for a platelet count greater than 400,000.
thrombocytosis
-
ACT stands for what lab term?
Activated Clotting Time
-
a normal Activated Clotting Time
70-180 sec
-
Define Activated Clotting Time:
Measures the amount of time required for
____ ____ to clot in a test tube
Whole blood
-
What is ACT used to measure in the OR?
Heparin therapy
-
With an ACT measurement, what situation would permit an acceptable time of 400 sec?
cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
-
Partial Thromboplastin Time, or PTT, measures what factors?
INSTRINSIC (8,9,11,12)
-
In a PTT, which factors, other than the intrinsic being measured, must be present in order to obtain normal lab values?
1,2,5,10
-
What is normal PTT?
25-38 sec
-
If PTT is used to monitor heparin, what is an acceptable value?
1.5-3x normal values
-
Prothrombin time (PT) measures what factors?
VII, and common (I,II,V,X)
-
What is a normal PT in sec?
10-14 sec
-
FACTOR ___ DEFICIENCY IS THE ONLY
CAUSE OF A PROLONGED PT WITH A NORMAL PTT.
VII
-
What are the causes of prolonged PT (1.5-2x)
- Low levels of VII, X, V,
- LOW prothrombin,
- LOW fibrinogen
-
why was International Normalized Ratio (INR) developed?
to normalize PT times, which often vary among labs
-
INR is used to measure
oral anticoagulation therapy
-
Therapeutic warfarin dosing occurs
when INR = _____?
2.0-3.0
-
What is a type and screen?
Recipient’s blood has been typed for A, B, and Rh antigens and screened for common antibodies
-
How long is a type and screen valid?
72 hrs
-
Define type and cross blood screen:
- Recipient’s blood is incubated with the donor blood product
- Clumping occurs if the cross-match is incompatible
-
How long does a type and cross take?
10 min plus 45 min
-
what are the two parts of type and cross-match:
PART 1: Recipient’s plasma is incubated with the donor RBCs (MAJOR)
PART 2: Recipient’s RBCs are incubated with the donor plasma (MINOR)
-
What type of PBRCs can be transfused to
anyone (what is the universal donor)?
O
-
What is the universal donor of platelets,
FFP, and cryoprecipiate,? WHY?
Type AB platelets, cryo, or FFP
because they contain neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
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