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Interphase
- -Period of cell growth
- -cell content has doubled --> two centrosomes
- -chromosomes are duplicated (still in chromatin form)
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Mitosis Subcategories
- -prophase
- -prometaphase
- -metaphase
- -anaphase
- -telophase
- -cytokinesis
(P2MAT)
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Prophase
- -chromatin fibers become more tightly folded, forming chromosomes
- -each duplicated chromosome appears as two sister chromatids bound at the "waist", or centromere
- -mitotic spindle begins to form as microtubules rapidly grow out from centrosomes
- - centrosomes begin to move away from each other
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Prometaphase
- -nuclear envelope breaks and disappears
- -some microtubules from centrosomes have extended and attached to chromosomes (now highly condensed) at its kinetochore
- -other microtubules attach to microtubules in opposite pole
- -protein motors associated with microtubules move chromosomes toward center of cell
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Metaphase
- -mitotic spindle fully formed, with poles at opposite ends
- -chromosomes convene on metaphase plate; centromeres line up
- -kinetochores face opposite poles of spindle
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Anaphase
- -two centromeres of each chromosome come apart, separating the sister chromatids
- -daughter chromosomes are walked by protein motor towards opposite ends of cell
- -microtubule spindle simultaneously shortens
- -microtubules not attached to chromosomes lengthen
- -cell lengthens
- -anaphase is over when chromosomes have reached the two poles of the cell
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Telophase
- -cell elongation continues
- -daughter nuclei appear at two poles
- -nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes
- -chromatin fiber of each chrom. uncoils
- -mitotic spindle disappears
- -equal division of one nucleus into two nuclei is now finished
(essentially opposite of prophase)
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Cytokinesis
- -division of the cytoplasm
- -occurs with telophase
- -animal cell: cleavage furrow
- -plant cell: vesicles create new cell wall
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