Cells: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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What are the basic units of life?

Cells
What are the two main types of cells?
- Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
- Eukaryotes (protoists, fungi, plants and animals)
Which type of cell contains a nucleus?

Eukaryotes
Describe the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotes have a nucleus with a double layer nuclear membrane (envelope) with pores in it to allow large molecules through
The genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is ______ DNA?

linear
What is the linear DNA in eukaryotic cells wrapped around?

Histone proteins
When linear DNA wrapps around histone proteins it forms a...?

Nucleosome
DNA + histones = a material called...?

chromatin
What does cromatin form when it condenses?

Chromosomes
In Eukaryotes, organelles inside the cell are separated by...?

endomembranes
What organelle is involved in mechanical support of the cell and transport of cellular components or organelles?

Cytoskeleton
What organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells?
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Central vacuole
- Plasmodesmata
- Middle lamella
What organelles are in animal cells but not plant cells?
- Centriole
- Cillia
- Flagella
- Microvilli
How is genetic material stored in prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes have a single circular piece of DNA which is consdensed to take up an area called the nucleoid in the cytoplasm (they do also have other smaller pieces of circular DNA called plasmids)
Do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

No
Do prokaryotes have a cytoskeleton?

No
Do prokaryotes have ribosomes?

Yes, they have small ribosomes similar in function to eukaryote ribosomes
Where does metabolism occur in prokaryotes?

In the cytoplasm
What is a capsule?

An extra layer of polysaccharide which helps protect the bacterium
What is the bacteria cell wall made up of?

Peptidoglycan
What do pili do?

Pili help the cell attach to surfaces. They also help exchange plasmids between bacteria
What are flagella used in?

Locomotion

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Card Set

Cells: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Description

Advanced Higher Biology - Unit One - Cells: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Updated

2013-01-15T16:38:58Z

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