Biology 102

Swaying of leaf insect is an example of what adaptation?

A beak on a bird and spikes on various seeds are examples of what adaptation?

Toxic neutralization is an example of what type of adaptation?

What are the four adaptations?

Increases survivability and reproduction

Who traveled to the Galapagos Islands to observe similarities between living and fossil organisms and the diversity of life?

Darwin's main ideas can be traced back to who?

Suggested animals arose from the sea

Believed that species are fixed

Geologist that proposed Earth is changed by gradual processes

Darwin proposed ______ as the mechanism of evolution

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals within a population

What is the name of the book Darwin published in 1859?

Natural Selection

Chance or Controlled?

Artificial Selection

Chance or Controlled?

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals is an example of...?

Darwin proposed that _____ is the mechanism of evolution?

Oldest known fossils

Oldest eukaryote cells are a billion years ______ than prokaryote.

More recent fossils 

Prokaryotes: single or multi-celled?

Eukaryotes: single or multi-celled?

Who evolves: individuals or populations?

The geographic distribution of species

the comparison of body structures in different species 

Similarity in characteristics that result from common ancestry

Features that often have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry

Comparison of early stages of development among different organisms

Different forms of phenotypic characteristics

Direction of selection changes as the ______ changes

Variation of an inherited characteristic along a geographic continuum 

Two things that generate variation

Reproduce asexual and sexual

Sexual reproduction only

Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Can create new alleles

Generates variation by shuffling alleles during meiosis 

3 domains of life

Causes of evolutionary change

Genes change due to individuals moving places

Driven by adaptations

Changes in genes; random- chance

Bottleneck effect and Founders effect

Comparisons of DNA and amino acid sequences between different organisms reveal evolutionary relationships

First to represent history of life as a tree

Can be used to determine the branching sequence of an evolutionary tree

Group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time

A group of populations who species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Change in heritable traits in a population over generations

Studies how populations change genetically over time

Connects Darwin's theory with population genetics 

Total collection of all genes in a population at any one time 

Change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool

May reduce the capacity of endangered species to survive as humans continue to alter the enviroment

Three ways natural selection can alter variation in a population

Favors intermediate Phenotypes

Acts against individuals at one of the phenotypic extremes

Favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range

The distinction in appearance between males and females of a species 

The determining of "who mates with whom"
Leads to the evolution of secondary sexual characteristics that may give individuals an advantage in mating

Lab strains established in the 1930s have what percentage of alleles for DDT Resistance

Lab strains established in the 1960s have what percentage of alleles for DDT Resistance

Maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypes in a population

Heterozygotes have greater reproduction success than homozygous

Two different phenotypes are maintained in a population