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Rooting
- Onset Age: 28 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 3 months
- Stimulus: stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip and lower lip
- Response: mvmnt of tongue, mouth and or head toward stimulus
- Relevance: allows searching for and locating feeding source
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Suck-Swallow
- Onset Age: 28 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 2-5 months
- Stimulus: place finger in infants mouth w head at midline
- Response: strong rhythmical sucking
- Relevance: allows ingestion of nourishment
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Traction
- Onset Age: 28 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 2-5 months
- Stimulus: grasp infants forearms and pull to sit
- Response: complete flexion of upper extrenities
- Relevance: enhances mementary reflexive grasp
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Moro
- Onset Age: 28 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 4-6 months
- Stimulus: rapidly drop infants head backwards
- Response: 1) arme extension/ abduction, hand opening 2) arm flexion and adduction
- Relevance: facilitaties ability to depart from dominant flexor posture; protective response
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Plantar grasp
- Onset Age: 28 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 9 months
- Stimulus: apply pressure with thumb on the infant's ball of foot
- Response: toe flexion
- Relevance: increases tactile input to sole of the foot
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Galant
- Onset Age: 32 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 2 months
- Stimulus: hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spine with fringer from shoulders to buttocks
- Response: lateral trunk flesion and wrinkiling of the skin on the stimulated side
- Relevance: facilitates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization
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Asymmetric tonic neck (ATNR)
- Onset Age: 37 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 4-6 months
- Stimulus: fully rotate infants head and hold for 5 seconds
- Response: extension of extremities on the face side, flesion of extremities on the skull side
- Relevance: promotes visual hand regard
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Palmer grasp
- Onset Age: 37 weeks gestation
- Integration Age: 4-6 months
- Stimulus: place examiner's finger in infant's palm
- Response: finger flexion; reflexive grasp
- Relevance: increases tactile input on the palm of the hand
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Tonic labyrinthine supine
- Onset Age: > 37 wks gestations
- Integration Age: 6 months
- Stimulus: place infant in supine
- Response: increased extensor tone
- Relevance: Facilitates total body extensor tone
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Tonic Laberinthine Prone
- Onset Age: > 37 wks gestation
- Integration Age: 6 months
- Stimulus: place infant in prone
- Response: increased flexor tone
- Relevance: facilitaties total body flexor tone
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Labyrinthine/ optical (head) righting
- Onset Age: Birth - 2months
- Integration Age: perists
- Stimulus: Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
- Response: Upright positioning of the head
- Relevance: orients head in space; maintains face vertical
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Landau
- Onset Age: 3-4 months
- Integration Age: 12-24 months
- Stimulus: hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
- Response: complete extension of head, trunk and extremities
- Relevance: breaks up flexor dominance, facilitates prone extension
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Symmetric tonic neck
- Onset Age: 4-6 months
- Integration Age: 8-12 months
- Stimulus: place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
- Response: flexion of hops and knees
- Relevance: Breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position
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Neck riting (NOB)
- Onset Age: 4-6 months
- Integration Age: 5 years
- Stimulus: place infant in supine and fully trun head to one side
- Response: log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
- Relevance: Maintains head/ body alignment; initiates folling (first ampulation effort)
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Body Righting (on body) (BOB)
- Onset Age: 4-6 months
- Integration Age: 5 years
- Stimulus: Place infant in supine, Fles one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefly
- Response: Segmental folling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
- Relevance: facilitates trunk/ spinal rotation
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Downward parachute (protective extension downward)
- Onset Age: 4 months
- Integration Age: persists
- Stimulus: Rapidtly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
- Response: extension of the lower extremities
- Relevance: allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface
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Forward Parachute (protective extension forward)
- Onset Age: 6-9 months
- Integration Age: persists
- Stimulus: suddenly tip infant forward toward suporting surface while vertically suspended
- Response: sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension
- Relevance: Allows accurate placement of upper extremities in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall
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Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward)
- Onset Age: 7 months
- Integration Age: persists
- Stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off balance to the side while in the sitting position
- Response: arm extension and abduction to the side
- Relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates spinal rotation
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Backward Parachute (Protective extension backward)
- Onset Age: 9-10 months
- Integration Age: persists
- Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant of ablance back ward
- Response: backward arm extension or arm extension to one side
- Relevance: Protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates spinal rotation
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Prone Tilting
- Onset Age: 5 months
- Integration Age: Persists
- Stimulus: After positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
- Response: curving of spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity) abduction/extension of arms and legs
- Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
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Supine Tilting
- Onset Age: 7-8 months
- Integration Age: Persists
- Stimulus: After positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
- Response: curving of spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity) abduction/extension of arms and legs
- Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
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Quadruped Tilting
- Onset Age: 9-12 months
- Integration Age: Persists
- Stimulus: After positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
- Response: curving of spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity) abduction/extension of arms and legs
- Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
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Standing tilting
- Onset Age: 12-21 months
- Integration Age: Persists
- Stimulus: After positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
- Response: curving of spine toward the raised side (opposite the pull of gravity) abduction/extension of arms and legs
- Relevance: Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustments in all positions
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Reemergence or presistance of primitive reflexes
indicative of CNS dysfunction
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Reflex
predictable motor response elicited by tactile, propreoceptive or vestibular stimulation
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