Immigration and Pornography, Exam 3

12 million

• high skilled, luxury crop
• resist mechanization and requires intensive human labor

Illegal migrate workers subsidized it.

• 1920 - 2 million
• 1940 - 1 million
• 1970 - 200,000
• today - about 1 million

led United Farm Workers Association to unionize strawberry farming

• 29
• male
• from mexico
• earns $7500 for 25 weeks of work

50%

$1 billion to $840 million a year

80%

• high investment
• can yield high profits
• dependant on migrant labor
• often produced through sharecropping

• market prices fluctuate
• weather

• often trapped in servitude
• therefore they violate labor laws more than the companies which employ them because of the expensive loans they owe

began at 80,000 to 1/3 of the members today

discourages Americans from farm work

• codemned living conditions of illegal immigrants employed as migrant laborers
• it was ignored by congress

• sanctions against employers who hire illegal immigrants
• also encouraged more illegal immigration by providing amnesty for illegal immigrants who could provide proof of working in US (SAW).

1 million employers : 200 federal agents

1970s program; gov offered amnesty; they thought 350,000 would register but 1.3 million applied- chaos

• requires aliens to carry registration at all times; police can ask them for it at any time
• problems: may be abused, much resources, racial stereotypes, unconstitutional, police power

• enforce existing laws
• create rural development in Mexico
• unionization
• national worker ID program
• building a wall
• increase min wage and enforce labor laws
• improve working conditions and wages

• tax evasion
• extortion
• ... his monopoly collapsed and the porn industry could expand

what the government defines it as

• First mainstream porno movie
• cost $22,000 to make
• total gross of $25 million in 2 years
• presented "porno chic"
• starred Linda Lovelace

• developed a system for judging what is obscene. the average person thinks it violates:
• 1- community standards
• 2- depicts sex as offensive
• 3- lacks political, scientifics and artistic value

easy to convist

Regan Admin. enforces more laws lead to more convictions

under the Clinton Admin. prosecution stopped prosecution; Janet Reno ended porn task force; resulted in porn production increased

became more extreme with the internet and went worldwide

$12-14 billion

$97 billion

$5 to 10 million

pulp novels (sex life of a cop) >peep shows (playboy 1953) > vcr/dvd (deep throat)> now: men's clubs, internet 2.0, global economics

1953, Hugh Hefner created the magazine making sex a commodidy and entering the modern era of porn

1964; found "sex life of a cop" in his warehouse

brought 5 times but never convicted

• 1920 to 50 - 2000 films made
• 1973 - sex absent in Hollywood
• 2008 - 13,000 film made, 1 billion rentals

• auto vending
• peep shows in grocery stores
• "doc johnson" sex toys

head of Citizens for Decency league in Cincinatti; pursued Sturman

S. California

publicly we condem and privately we indulge

• anything obscene could not be sent in mail
• could have up to 10 years in prison and labor
• law is still on the books (sometimes enforced, other times not)
• ex: birth control, sexual devices

Does porn degrade women and encourage violence

• define the obscenity
• decide if a crime was committed