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At weeks 3-4 what are the parts of the neural tube?
- Procencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
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What is the most anterior/rostral vesicle?
Prosencephalon or forebrain
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What is the central vesicle?
Mesencephalon - midbrain
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What is the most posterior vesicle?
Rhombenecephalon - hindbrain
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What are the 5 dilations at the cephalic end of of neural tube at week 5?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
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What will the Telencephalon develop into?
Cerebral Hemispheres
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What will the Diencephalon develop into?
- -Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus
- -The more dorsal portion will be the pineal gland and the more ventral will be the pituitary gland, third ventricle.
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What feature does the Mesencephalon have running through it?
The midbrain as well as the Cerebral Aquaduct
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The Rhombencephalon develops into what 2 structures?
- Metencephalon
- Myelcenphalon
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The more anterior of the Rhombencephalon is?
Metencephalon which will become the pons and the cerebellum
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The more posterior portion of the Rhombencephalon is?
Myelencephalon which will become the medulla
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The lumen of the spinal cord is continuous with the lumen of the brain allowing what to flow freely between the brain and the cord?
CSF
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The 4th ventricle opens into the ____ via the foramina of ______ and ____
- subarachnoid space
- Luscka and Magendie
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After the neural tube is closed what type of cell resides in it?
neuroepithelium (derived from neuroectoderm)
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What is the zone that surrounds the neuroepithelium?
Mantle which will become grey matter (cell bodies)
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What is the outer most layer of the cord which contains nerve fibers emerging from the mantle?
Marginal zone which will be white matter
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The basal motor plate of the Myelencephalon contains motor nuclei divided into what 3 groups?
- 1) General Somatic Efferent - medial
- 2) Special Visceral Efferent - intermediate
- 3) General Visceral Efferent - lateral
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General Somatic Efferent (motor) - myelencephalon
Innervates all skeletal muscle except the Trapz and SCM. Tongue, eye muscles, abs, etc...
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Special Visceral Efferent - myelcephalon
- -Derived from Pharyngeal arches and innervated by CN ix, x, xi
- - innervated trapz and SCM
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General Visceral Efferent - myelencephalon
- -involved in gut movement and parasympathetic, rest and digest.
- -CN x
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The Alar plate of the Myelencephalon contains sensory relay nuclei and divides into what 3 groups?
- 1) General Visceral Afferent -medial
- 2) Special Visceral Afferent - intermediate
- 3) General Somatic Afferent - lateral
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General Visceral Afferent - myelencephalon
receives info from heart and GI tract. pain and fullness. CN x
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Special Visceral Afferent - myelencephalon
- Chemoreception - taste buds of tongue, palate, oropharynx and epiglottis.
- CN vii, ix, x
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General Somatic Afferent - myelencephalon
- Both general and specific. Touch, pain, temperature, itch, conscious kinesthesia and proprioception
- CN vii, v , ix, x
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The Metencephalon forms what 2 special components?
- Cerebellum ( movement and equilibrium)
- Pons ( pathway between the cord, cerebellum and cerebrum)
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General Somatic Efferent - metencephalon
goes to abducens - lateral rectus muscle of eye
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Special Visceral Efferent - metencephalon
- pharyngeal arches
- CN v - muscles of mastication
- CN vii - facial expression
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General Visceral Efferent - Metencephalon
parasympathetic - CN vii - secretomotor, lacramation, nasal glands, salvation
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General Visceral Afferent - metencephalon
gut movement, pain, temperature CNx
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Special Visceral Afferent - metencephalon
CN vii - taste
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General Somatic Afferent - metencephalon
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The dorsolateral parts of the Alar plates bend medially to create what structure in the metencephalon?
Rhombic Lip
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What structure and where is formed by the fusion of the Rhombic Lips?
Cerebellum and in the metencephalon
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The most prominent fissures divide the cerebellum into 3 lobes.
- 1) Anterior
- 2) Posterior
- 3) Flocculonodular
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What is the Anterior lobe of the cb responsible for?
movement
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What is the posterior lobe of the cb responsible for?
- -motor and ballistic learning
- -learned motor function
- -crawl, walk, run, speech
- -thinking in language is a motor function
- -cognition
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What is the Flocculonodular lobe of the cb responsible for?
- -balance
- -proprioception
- -kinesthesia
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Both the basal and alar plates of the mesencephalon are easily seen and separated by...
Sulcus Limitans
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In the Mesencephalon the basal plate gives rise to neurons of the tegmentum and crus cerebri, may be divided into 2 groups of motor nuclei.
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