Cardiac

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what are risk factors for CAD? (5)

total cholesterol >200

LDL >100

HDL <40

smoking

obesity
what are compensatory mechanisms that are started as a result of heart failure? (3)

ventricular hypertrophy

RAAS system

sympathetic NS
what does left sided heart failure cause? (2 parts)

(aka left vent failure)

inadequate left ventricular (cardiac) output

results in inadequate tissue perfusion
what does systolic heart failure mean?

ejection fraction below 40%
what does diastolic heart failure mean?

inadequate relaxation or "stiffening" prevents ventricular filling
what does right sided heart failure cause? (2 parts)

inadequate right ventricle output

results in systemic venous congestion and peripheral edema
s/s of left sided heart failure (4)

dyspnea, orthopnea (SOB while lying down)

pulmonary congestion

frothy sputum

displaced apical pulse (hypertrophy)
s/s of right sided heart faliure (5)

JVD

ascending edema

ascites

weight gain

liver enlargement and tenderness
effect of statin meds (5)
decrease LDL

increase HDL
- --other non lipid effects--
- vasodilation
decrease plaque site inflammation

dec. risk of thromboembolism
what is the ending of the name of beta blockers?

"lol"
effects of beta blockers (3)

decrease HR

decrease myocardial contractility

dec. rate of conduction thry AV node
adverse side effects of beta blockers (4)

bradycardia

dec. CO

orthostatic hypotension

bronchoconstriction (NO ASTHMA PT's)
contraindications for beta blockers (4)

asthma

heart failure (use cautiously, will be titrated)

bronchospasm

diabetes (may mask s/s of hyper/hypoglycemia)
what is the ending part of the name of ACE inhibitors

"pril"
effects of ACE inhibitors (4)

blocks production of angiotensin II

vasodilation

excretion of Na and water

retention of potassium
therapeutic uses for ACE inhibitors (3)

HTN

HF

MI (decreases mortality, risk of HF and left vent dysfynction)
adverse SE of ACE inhibitors (2)

dry cough

hyperkalemia
what is the therapeutic dose range for dig?

0.5-2.0
s/s of dig toxicity (7)

fatigue

blurred vision

anorexia

NV

HA

bradycardia and dysrhythmias

confusion
what is a common cause of dig toxicity?

hypokalemia
Examples of NSAIDs (4)

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

Naproxen

Toradol
Is tylenol/acetaminophen an NSAID?

No -- it is its own class of medication (acetaminophen)
MOA of Loop diuretics (2)

block reabsorption of Na and water to prevent water reabsoprtion

causes extensive diuresis
SE of loop diuretics (3)

dehydration and hypotension

hyponatremia

hypokalemia
MOA of thiazide diuretics (2)

block reabsorbtion of Na and chloride -- prevents reabsorption of water

promotres diuresis
SE of thiazide diuretics (2)

dehydration

hypokalemia
MOA of potassium sparing diuretics

blocks action of aldosterone (na and water rentention)

results in K retention + Na and water secretion
SE of K sparing diuretics

HYPERKALEMIA
s/s of cardiogenic shock (6)

tachy/hypotension

inadequate UO

altered LOC

resp. distresss

cool clammy skin

dec. peripheral pulses
nursing care for cardiogenic shock (6)

monitor breath sounds --assess crackles or wheezes

monitor heart sounds

admin oxygen

admin morphine diuretics, and/or nitro -- dec. preload

admin IV vasopressors and inotropes -- inc. CO and maintain organ perfusion

no beta blockers or meds that cause bradycardia!
when do PVC's become dangerous?

when there are 6 or more per minute
patient teaching with Nitro (2)

call 911 if pain not relieved within 5 minutes of taking

can take one tab every 5 min up to three tabs while waiting for help

Author

rodghawk

192549

Card Set

Cardiac

Description

NCLEX

Updated

2013-01-21T17:55:34Z

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