Anatomy 1 Lecture 21 - Scalp and Cranial Cavity-1.txt

• Skin
• Connective Tissue - highly vascular
• Epicranial Aponeurosis - Strong membranous tendon connecting the anteriorly placed fontalis and posteriorly placed occipitalis
• Loose Connective Tissue - allows the outher three layers to move freely ove the skull
• Pericranium - outside tissue of the bone.
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• Inner and outer tables of compact bone that are seperated by spongy bone called "diploe".
• so the spongy bone in the middle is diploe bone.

• The meninges are the membranes that surround the brain and that are continous with the meninges of the spinal cord.
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• The Dura mater is the outer most layer. It has two layers:
• Periosteal dura: This is the part of the dura mater that is continous with the inner surface of the skull
• Meningeal dura: This part is continous with the dura of the spinal cord.
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• Delicate membrane that lines the inner surface of the dura.
• Arachnoid trabeculae are fine extensions tha span across the subdural (subarachnoid) space and attach to the pia mater.

The delicate mater that lines the outside of the brain.

• Channels in the dura mater are created.
• The channels are lined with endothelium and receive veins that drain the brain and the mininges.
• So essentially, the channels in the dura matter create venous channels for the drainage of the contents of the cranial cavity.

• The meningeal dura.
• Falx Cerebi
• Falx CerebelliT
• entorium Cerebelli
• Diaphragma Sellae

• Runs vertical between the hemispheres of the brain. (The longitudinal cerebral fissure) It is continues with the tentorium cerebelli posteriorly. It connects posteriorly to the internal occipital protuberence and anteriorly to the crista galli of the ethemoid and frontal crest of the frontal bone..
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Small triangular process of dura mater that is received into the posterior cerebellar notch. It is between the lateral lobes of the cerebellum.Attaches at the internal occipital crest, and partially seperates the cerebellar hemispheres.

• Second largest dural infolding. An extension of the dura mater that seperates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes of the brain. Attaches rostally to the clinoid process of the sphenoid and rostrolaterally to the petrous portion of the temporal bone, posterolaterally to the internal surface of the occipital bone.
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• Smallest dural infolding. Suspended between the clinoid processes forming a partial roof over the hypophysial fossa in the sphenoid. It covers the pituitary gland and has an opening for passage of the infundibulum and hypophysial veins.
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• Superior Sagittal Sinus
• Inferior Sagittal Sinus
• Transverse Sinus
• Occipital Sinus
• Cavernous Sinus
• Superior Petrosal Sinus
• Inferior Petrosal Sinus
• Sigmoid Sinus

• Anterior to posterior. It helps to drain blood. It houses the arachnoid granulations where cerebrospinal fluid drains.
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• Beneath the brain. Allows drainage of blood from center of brain posteriorly into the straight sinus. It runs inferior to the falx cerebri and superior to the corpus callosum. It ends in the straight sinus.
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• Runs from the back of the head towards the nose. Drains from the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus (confluence of sinuses). The left is usually bigger (used more dominantly)
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The smallest cranial sinus. It starts at the attached border of the falx cerebelli and ends superiorly at the confluence of sinuses.

• It is a large venous plexus located on each side of the sellea turcica. The internal carotid runs through it. The cavernous drains into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses.
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• Connects the cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus.
• The sinus runs in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli, in a groove in the petrous part of the temporal bone formed by the sinus itself - the superior petrosal sulcus.

It connects the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus.

Runs from straight sinus to the Internal jugular vein.

From the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid, the ethemoid, and the frontal bone. The greater part is formed by the orbital parts of the frontal bone, which supports the frontal lobes of the brain and froms the roofs of the orbits.

The posterior part of the lesser wings of the sphenoid, the sellea turcica, the greater wings, upto the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

From the dorsum sellea, petrous portion and mastoid to the occiput. Houses the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.

two parietal, two temporal, occipital, sphenoid, frontal, ethemoid

• Nasal, Vomer, Palatine, Maxillary, Zygomatic, Mandible
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Coronal, Sagitall, Squamosal, Lambdoidal

• Foramen Magnum-Junction of spinal cord and brainstem, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, meninges.
• Occipital condyles-articulation with atlas
• External Occipital Protuberance (Inion)-
• Superior Nuchal Line-
• Inferior Nuchal Line-
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• Body
• Greater Wings
• Lesser Wings
• Dorsum Sellae
• Sellea Turcica
• Posterior Clinoid
• Anterior Clinoid
• (Inferior View)
• Pterygoin process
• Pterygoid fossa-
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• Supraorbital notch
• Temporal line
• Zygomatic process
• Groove for superior sagitall sinus
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Temporal line

• Cribriform plate
• Crista Galii-Where the falx cerebri attaches, and divides the cribriform plate
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• Zygomatic process
• Styloid process
• Mastoid Process
• Mandibular fossa
• Carotid Canal
• Internal Auditory Meatus
• External Auditory Meatus
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Infraorbital foramen

• Body and vertical ramus
• Angle of the mandible
• Condylar process
• Coronoid process
• Mental foramen
• Mental protuberance
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Small Vascular structures Deep petrosal nerve

Spinal cord and brainstem junction. Vertebral arteries, posterior and anterior spinal arteris, meninges.

Mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal), lesser petrosal nerve, accesspry maningeal artery

Maxillary nerve

middle meningeal artery, meningealbranch of CN V-3

Greater Petrosal Nerve

The hypoglossal nerve

The vestibulocochlear and facial nerves

Nerves IX(glossophrangeal), X(Vagus), XI(Accessory), internal jugluar vein as formed by sigmoid sinus, inferior petrosal

The olfactory nerve

CN II, Ophthalmic artery, sympathetic nerves from internal carotid plexus for ciliary muscle, dilator of pupil and smoothe muscle of blood vessels in eye

Internal carotid artery and sympathetic carotid plexus

greater palatine vessels and nerves

Greater palatine arteries; nasopalatine nerve

Lesser palatine vessels and nerve

Nerve VII (Facial)

Nerves III(Oculomotor), IV(trochlear), V(Trigeminal-the opthalmis branch), VI(Abducens),

Supraorbital artery, nerve and vein

The V2 Maxillary nerve, Infraorbital nerve, artery and vein.

inferior alveilar artery, nerve and vein

The mental nerve, artey and vein.