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Definition of Mitosis
production of 2 cells, each with the identical number of chromosomes as the parental cell. Occurs in growth and healing.
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Definition of Meiosis
reduces the amount of genetic material and the number of chromosomes by 1/2. Occurs in gamete production.
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Chromatin
thread-like structures of genetic material before prophase
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S-State
synthesis. Genetic material is replicated.
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Homologous Chromosomes
same size, shape, structure, and carry the same genes
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n
haploid number; number of chromosomes in gametes
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Karyotyping
pairing up homologous chromosomes, then arranging them from largest to smallest.
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Prophase
- migration of 2 pairs of centrioles (a kind of organelle; go to opposite poles)
- break down of nuclear envelope
- chromatin coils and condenses to chromosomes
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Prometaphase
period of chromosome mvt
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Metaphase
- centrioles are at opposite poles
- chromosomes at equitorial plate
- spindle fibers are now visible, extending from centrioles to chromosomes.
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Anaphase
- separation of sister-chromatids
- chromatids become daughter chromosomes
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Telophase
- cleavage furrowing in animal cells
- cell plate in plant cells
- DNA uncoils
- opposite of prophase
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synapsis
the pairing of homologous chromosomes
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