Orgo Ch 1

Positively charged Carbon atoms

(# valence e^- ) - (# e^- present) = Formal Charge for ATOM

e^- in bonds are *(1/2)

The charge of a molecule is the sum of the formal charges on each atom.

The composite of all possible resonance structures.

The hybrid is the weighted average of the contributing resonance structures.

"Best" is more bonds with fewer charges. (Least polar?)

Average distance betw two bonded nuclei.

• Reported in picometers:
•    1 pm = 10^-12m

Increases down the periodic table as atom size increases (duh).

Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory

Most stable arrangement keeps groups as far away from one another as possible.

120*

109.5*