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Heredity
Passing on of traits from parents to offspring
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Traits
A possible characteristic
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Meiosis
Type of cell division that produces haploid gametes
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Gamete
Sex cell containing half the number of chromosomes found in a body cell
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Diploid
Containing a full set of chromosomes, as in all body cells
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Haploid
Half the number of chromosomes found in a body cell, all gametes are this
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Gene
Segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein and therefore trait
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Fertilization
Combining of an egg and sperm to form a diploid zygote
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Zygote
Diploid result of fertilization
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Dominant
Form of gene that is expressed or shown, usually written as a capital letter
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Recessive
Form of gene that is masked or hidden, written as a lower case letter
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Genotype
2 letter genetic code of the genes that make up a given trait
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Phenotype
Observable characteristic that corresponds with a given genotype
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Homozygous
Both copies of a gene inherited from parents are the same
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Heterozygous
Both copies of a gene inherited from the parents are different
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Tetrad
Paired homologous chromosomes found during Prophase 1
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Homologous
Of the same size and containing the same genetic information
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Crossing Over
Swapping of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
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Independent Assortment
Random arrangement of paternal and maternal chromosomes along the call equator during metaphase 1
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Alleles
An "option" for a gene
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