A&P

• Right and left Hypochondriac
• Epigastric
• right and left lumbar
• umbilical
• right and left iliac (inguinal)
• hypohastric
• 

• upper right and left
• lower right and left

• posterior cavity
• anterior cavity
• thoracic cavity
• abdominopelvic cavity

the cranial vault and spinal cord

• 1^st subpart is the Thoracic Cavity which consists of the pleural cavities, pericardial cavity, and the mediastinum
• 2^nd subpart is the abdominopelvic cavity

these 2 subparts are divided by the Diaphram

• -this is dynamic equilibrium or the steady state
• -has NO constant values, only normal ranges --> bc the nature of the control mechanisms make constant values impossible to maintain

• = the product of the rxn inhibits the production of that product
• -overshoot and undershoot (think of the normal ranges)
• -contains a Sensor -> Integrator ->Effector
• Examples
• -Blood pressure
• -Glucose Levels

• = the product of the rxn will stimulate product of that rxn
• 1.) Ovulation
• 2.) Labor
• 3.) Blood Clotting
• 4.) Shock
• 5.) Nerve Impulses

• 1.) Connective
• 2.) Epithelial
• 3.) Nervous
• 4.) Muscle

covering, lining, and glands

-glands; because although glands are below the surface, they can generate vaginations, or an outgrowth, or a gland with no connection

• -Squamous = flat cells, nuclei
• -Stratified = square-ish cells, round nuclei
• -Columnar = tall cells, oval nuclei

• -Simple = One cell layer
• -Stratified = two or more cell layers
• -Pseudostratified = short/tall cells interspersed, found ONLY in the Respiratory Tract
• -Transitional = changes the # of layers it has constantly, found ONLY in the Urinary Bladder

• = a thin, watery method of glandular secretion; causes NO cell destruction when passing through.
• Example
• sweat and salivary glands

= thicker secretion, when the cell pinches off along with the secrection, and causes partial cell destruction; a glandular secretion method

• Examples
• sweat glands of axilla, public area, areolar areas, and mammary glands

= the cell is lost by thick secretion, where the cell actually becomes the secretion; a glandular secretion method

• Example
• oil glands

these are thin secretions that line open body cavities that open to the outside, such as: the nose, urethra, rectum, and digestive system

• -thin/watery secretions
• -line closed body cavities --> lubricate against eachother for protection of internal organs
• -pleural and peritoneum

• -these are actually Connective Tissue
• -ONLY membranes that are NOT Epithelial
• -line the joint cavities -> thin fluid lubricates

• -connect
• -support
• -insulate
• -transport - blood
• -protection - WBC
• -storage
• -body contours - redistribution of connective tissue
• -organ framework

• 1.) Embryonic
• 2.) Connective tissue proper
• 3.) Cartilage
• 4.) Bone (osseous) Tissue
• 5.) Vascular

• -have Mesenchyme = the ultimate stem cell, and can become ANY kind of connective tissue
• -differentiate into other adult connective tissue

• -Loose(areolar) = 1^o area of water storage (edema)
• = can hold 2 structures together but can allow movement

• -Dense - Collagen = Tendons/ligaments
• =universal connective tissue -> WONT stretch

• -Elastic = blood vessel walls/respiratory passageways
• = will stretch and return to shape

• -Reticular = organ framework
• = forms "mesh/wiring" that holds cells to make framework for organs

-Adipose = long term E storage/Body contour/insulation/protection

• 1.) Hyaline --> nose/embryonic skeleton/repiratory tubes
• 2.) Fibrocartilage - strong bc of Collagen reinforcment -->intervertebral discs/ public arch/ menisci of knee
• 3.) Elastic - made of Elastin causing cartilage to return to shape after being bent --> ear/ larynx/ auditory canal

• 1.) Compact aka Dense or Lamellar bone
• 2.) Spongy or Cancellous bone (inside, and made of plates)

= a liquid, blood, or blood forming tissue

= contraction WITH movement

= contraction WITHOUT movement

• Found
• -Organs and Vessel Walls
• -Reproductive organs
• -Urinary Tract

• Characteristics
• -lacks striations
• -spindle shaped
• -involuntary (<= irratation & stretching and/or hormones and ANS)
• -slow to repsond and slow to fatigue

• Found
• -ONLY found in making up the heart walls

• Characteristics
• -striated (light/dark banding)
• -intercalated discs --> if you stimulate one heart muscle, you stimulate them all
• -intrinsic contractions = stimulates itself
• -fast to respond and slow to fatigue

• Function
• -movement of skeleton
• -breathing
• -swallowing
• -control of bladder and rectum

• Characteristics
• -striated
• -voluntary - due to nerve stimulation
• -fast to respond and fast to fatigue

• 1.) Neurons => communication site with axons & dendrities
• Functions = reception - conduction - stimulation

• 2.) Neuroglia => supportive cells
• Holds the brain together, instead of connective tissue

• -general health
• -nutrition - bc you need E to heal
• -age
• -blood flow

= wasting of body tissues; NOT cell death, but cells shrink in size

= death of tissues within a living organism; cell death due to lack of blood flow

= massive nercrosis + infection

transplant from same individual, as in your own tissue.

transplant from a closely related individual, like a sibling or a tissue match

transplant from same species, anybody in general

transplant from a different species, i.e. pig valves