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What is the overall purpose of restraint?
to minimize the response of the animal
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What are the three goals of restraint?
- prevent injury to humans
- prevent injury to the animal
- accomplish task
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What do we need to do in order to accomplish the goals of restraint?
- neutralize the animals weapons
- monitor the animals behavior and vital signs
- utilize restraint devices appropriately
- be prepared for the task which you intend to accomplish
- pay attention and be aware of your surroundings
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Why do we need to monitor the large animals vital signs when restraining them?
they can easily stress themselves to death
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Are all the different species of large animals predictable?
no, they vary between species
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Is it easier to move groups of animals into a confined location or separate them individually?
easier to move them in groups
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Do bovine like change?
no, it usually scares them
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Are bovine herd oriented?
yes
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Do bovine move towards people or away from people?
away from people
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Why should we avoid having right angles in bovine facilities?
bovine will get stuck in the corners when trying to get away and it is hard to get them out
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What do bovine usually do in a confined space?
move towards the light
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Are bovine aggressive?
yes it is common
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Which types of bovine are the most aggressive?
- beef cows nursing calves
- dairy bulls
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What are some things that bovine will do to protect themselves?
- gore
- press
- kick (cow kick or kick forward with back legs)
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What is the best way to get cattle to move?
use THEIR senses
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What are some devices we can use to help get bovine to move?
- sticks
- slappers
- paddles
- hot shot
- tail twist
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What are the different restraint aids used for cattle?
- halter
- nose tongs
- ropes and lariats
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What are nose tongs used for? Which types of cattle do we NOT use nose tongs on? What can be used as a temporary nose tong?
- head restraint
- dairy cattle
- fingers
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What is the single most important piece of equipment when working with cattle?
head catch
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What should we have leading up to the head catch first?
a runway or chute
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What can happen to a bovine if we squeeze them too tight in a squeeze chute?
causes them to lay down - "choke down"
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How do we use a squeeze chute?
catch head first and then squeeze
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What kind of restraint aids can we use to deter a cow from kicking?
- tail jack
- hobbles or tom fool knot
- kow kant kick
- rope tightened around abdomen just in front of tuber coxae
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Whats another term for casting cattle?
reefing cattle
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What are the different types of casting cattle techniques?
- running W or burley
- squeeze or double half hitch
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Describe a running W.
- longer rope needed
- no loop created around the neck
- usually avoids pressure on the trachea, penis, udder and milk veins
- two ropes exiting animal between the legs
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Describe a double half hitch.
- loop around the neck or brisket
- one rope exiting the animal and the easiest technique if pulling with one person
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What is a tilt table commonly used for in bovine?
foot work or surgery
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Do swine like to chew on things?
yes
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Do swine easily overheat?
yes
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Do swine usually run under things or jump over things?
run under things
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What is the easiest way to restrain a small pig?
can be held upside down by ropes around the hind limbs or between the holder's legs
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What are some ways to restrain large pigs?
- move with pig boards
- hog tongs behind the head
- hog snare around maxilla
- bucket on head moves them backwards
- restraint chutes
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What are some ways to restrain a goat?
- horns can be grabbed like handles
- collars can be used as handles
- milking platform
- halter
- restraint chutes
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Which is the easiest food animal to restrain?
sheep
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What are some ways to restrain sheep?
- crowding
- restraint chute
- halter
- catch around the neck with one arm and around the rear or tail base with the other
- throwing sheep
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Do horses frighten easily?
yes, because they are prey species
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Can horses see with both eyes at the same time?
no, can only use one eye at a time
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How should we approach a horse?
- from the left or "near" side (never directly from the front or back)
- calm yet deliberate movements
- firm voice and firm hand
- initial contact either at withers
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What are some different types of halters for horses?
- rope
- nylon
- leather
- breakaway
- temporary
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What are some different types of leads?
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What might a horse do to defend itself?
- bite
- strike
- press
- kick (usually straight back)
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Should we always keep contact with the horse when we are moving around it?
yes, always keep your hand on the horse so that it does not startle the horse
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How should we walk behind a horse?
walk behind either near or far (zero or eight feet) not in between
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Where should the handler be while the vet is working on the horse?
on the same side as the vet
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How should we tie up a horse?
- use a halter or quick release tie
- tie at head level
- tie short
- never leave unattended
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What is the purpose of twitching a horse?
- offers a distraction or counter stimulus to stimulus elsewhere
- releases "endorphins"
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How long is twitching a horse effective?
only effective for 15 minutes max but usually only lasts 5 - 10 minutes
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What is the purpose of stocks for horses?
neutralizes the most damaging weapon
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What is the purpose of lifting a foot or leg of a horse?
- helps to neutralize kicking
- pick up the leg on the same side we are working on
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How do we catch a foal?
one arm in front of the chest, the other around rump or hand holding tail
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