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Block Grant
A federal grant that provides funds to a state or local government for a general funcitonal area, such as criminal justice or mental-health programs
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Categorical Grant
A federal grant to the state or local government for a specific program or project
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Commerce Clause
The section of the constitution in which Congress is given the power to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries.
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Concurrent Powers
Powers held jointly by the national and state governments
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Confederal System
A system consisting of a league of independent states each having essentially sovereign powers. The central governments retain ultimate authority except for those powers they expressly delegate to a central government.
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Cooperative Federalism
A model of federalism in which the states and the national government cooperate in solving problems.
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Devolution
The transfer of powers from a national or central government to a state or local government.
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Dual Federalism
A model of federalism that looks on national and state governments as co-equal sovereign powers, Neither state govt nor the national govt should interfere in the other's sphere.
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Elastic Clause or Necessary and Proper Clause
article 1, section 8 grants congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers
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Enumerated Powers aka Express Powers
A power specifically granted to the national govt by the constitution.
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Federal Mandate
A requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules
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Police Power
The authority to legislate for the protection of the health, morals, safety, and welfare of the people.
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Supremacy Clause
The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws
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Unitary Sytem
A centralized govt system in which ultimate governmental authority rests in the hands of the national, or central, govt
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