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What are the three layers of skin?
- -Epidermis
- -Dermis
- -Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
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What and where are the arrector pili muscles located?
What- Smooth muscles that cause hairs in skin to stand up
Located- in dermis
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What are the subaceous glands?
Oil glands. Secrete oil via canal to lubricate skin
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How many years ago did human begin become hairless?
107,000-170,000
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- -Support and protect ex. head protects brain
- -Movement
- -Mineral Homeostasis
- -Blood Cell production
- -Triglyceride, salt and storage
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What two parts are the skeletal system broken down into?
axial skeleton- skull, vertebral column and ribs
appendicular skeleton- appendages (arms/legs)
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What is the difference between bone and cartilage?
Bone- mineralized, and vascular
Cartilage- flexible, a vascular, covers articluar surfaces
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What is the periosteums function?
Lilnes external bone surfaces, bone maintenance (creates new bone)
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What is compact bone?
Very dense bone, cells are still living, located in middle of bones
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What is spongy bone?
Located more at the ends of bones. Have trabeculae.
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What is the Medullary Cavity?
Found in long bones usually filled with yellow bone marrow.
Filled with red bone marrow during blood cell formation.
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What are the different types of bones?
- -Long bones: only bones that have medullary cavity
- -Short bones: no medullary cativity; have spongy bone
- -Flat bones
- -Irregular bones: bones in face
- -Sesmoid bones: form within tendons. Provide mechanical advantage to tendons.
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Functions of muscle tissue?
- -producing body movement
- -stabilizing body positions
- -regulating organ volume
- -moving substances within the body
- -producing heat
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What is skeletal muscle?
- Striated, voluntary muscle that connets:
- bone--->bone
- bone--->skin
- bone--->organ
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What is cardiac muscle?
Involuntary, striated muscle found in walls of heart
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What is smooth muscle?
Involuntary muscle found around hollow organs
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In the cardiovascular system what do blood and its components do?
Carry nutrients, oxygen and waste products to and from cells
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transverse planes
seperate body into top and bottom
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Saggital plane
separates body in to right and left
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superior (cranial)
nearer to head
ex. heart is superior to stomach
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inferior (caudal)
nearer to feet
ex. stomach is inferior to heart
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anterior (ventral)
nearer to front
ex. sternum is anterior to heart
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posterior (dorsal)
hearer to back
ex. kidneys are posterior to intestines
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medial
nearer to midline
ex. fifth digit (pinky finger) is on medial side of hand. Or medial to the first digit (thumb)
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lateral
farther (away) from midline
ex. first digit (thumb) is on lateral side of hand or lateral to fifth digit.
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proximal
nearer to trunk or point of orgin
ex. elbow is poximal to wrist; proximal part of artery is its beginning
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distal
farther from trunk or point of orgin
ex. wrist is distal to elbow; distal part of lower limb is foot
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Superficial
nearer to or on surface
ex. muscles of arm are superficial to its bone
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deep
farther from surface
ex. humerus is deep to arm muscles
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