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Dalton's Atomic Theory
- 1. Atoms are the building block of all matter.
- 2. Elements are things made from only one type of atom. Different matter cam ne realized from same atoms by different interactions of atoms.
- 3. Compounds are matter that combines atoms in specific ratios
- 4. Chemical reactions are a change in association in atoms that make up matter.
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Physical Change
A change that doesn't result in new material or changes in chemical makeup. Example: if something is brittle.. it breaks... this is a physical change
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Chemistry
The study of properties and tranformation of matter.
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Chemical Change
- Change that alters chemical makeup. Will generate new material
- Example: Metal that has rusted, wood that's been burned
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Atom
- A tiny invisible building block of all matter. All known atoms are represented in the periodic table.
- Atoms cannot be created or distroyed They can be moved around and have associations changed
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Element
Matter made from one type of atom. Different matter can be realized from same atoms by different interaction of atom. Example: Carbon can be in graphite and in diamonds.
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Molecule
Small group of connected atoms acting as one unit.
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Compound
- Matter that combindes atoms in specific ratios.
- 2 or more elements combined together.
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Chemical Reaction
Change in association in atoms that make up matter
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How should you talk about atoms?
- Number of atoms: in moles 6.022 x 10^23
- Weight: in atomic mass unit (amu)
- Size: Angstrom (symbols is A with small circle above it.) 1 angstrom is .0000000001 meters
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Mole
A word used to represent a very large number.
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3 states of Matter
- Solid (Most elements, does not flow, not compressable has definite shape.)
- Liquid(Cannot change volume, flows
- Gas (indefinite shape, can be compressed)
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Physical Properties of Elements
- Solid metals are shiny, ductile(can be made into wires) malleable and are conducters of heat and electricity
- Solid Nonmetals are Dull, non ductile, brittle, insulators (non conductors)
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Noble Gases
Group on the far right of the periodic table. Most do not mix with any other gases.
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Transition metals
Found in the middle of the periodic table in groups 3-12. Commonly found as oxygen or sulfur ores.
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Alkaline Metals
1st group on periodic table. More reactive to water than Alkaline earth metals. Never found in nature in their pure state.
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Alkaline Earth Metals
2nd group on the periodic table, less reactive to water but still not found in pure form naturally.
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Halogens
group 7A, the second to last on the periodic table, found in nature in combination with other elements, they mix with salt
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Homogenous Mixture
The same throughout Example: Saline solution
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Heterogenous Mixture
- Not the same throughout.
- Example: Wood, bird
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