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BIO 111 Chap 21
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Virus (latin)
Poison
Virus
Noncellular infectious particle that cannot replicate on its own
Virus Makeup
It has a protein coat around genetic material that may be DNA or RNA
Some have a lipid envelope that covers their coat
They have no ribosomes, cytoplasm or other metabolic machinery of its own
Small - 25 to 300 nanometers
Virus Replication
Must insert its genetic material into a cell of a specific organism
Three origins of virus
Descendants of cell parasites whose function was taken over by the host cell
Genetic elements that escaped from cells
A separate evolutionary branch, that arose independently from the replication molecules that preceded cells
Virus Structure
Tobacco mosaic
Bacteriophages
Adenoviruses
Enveloped virus
Tobacco mosaic
Helically arranged protein subunits from a rod around RNA
Bacteriophages
20 triangular surfaced head on the sheath (rod) to the tail fibers
Adenovirus
20 sided naked (no envelope) with protein spikes at each corner
Enveloped virus
Enveloped virus with protein spikes protruding from the envelope
Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
Pathogenic
Causes adverse effect
Pathogen
A disease-causing agent
Virus reproduction pathways
Lytic Pathway
Lysogenic Pathway
Lytic Pathway(Active)
Makes more virus
Lysogenic Pathway(Passive)
Latent (hides)
Viral Multiplication cycles
Attachment
Penetration
Replication and synthesis
Assembly
Release
Prophage
Hybridization of bacteria and virus DNA
HIV virus pathway
Attachment
Penetration
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
An enzyme that catalyzes production of the DNA
Proteins on the Influenza virus (receptors)
Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
Reassortment
The swapping of genes between viruses that infect a host at the same time
Prokaryotic structure
Rods (bacilli)
Spheres (Cocci)
Spirals (spirilla)
Binary Fission(slides 9-11)
Prokaryotic fission
Duplication of DNA
Tether
Double in size
Split
Plasmid
Small circle of DNA that is separate from the bacterial chromosome
Confer resistance to anti-biotic
Conjugation
A mechanism of horizontal gene transfer which involves transfer of a plasmid between prokaryotic cells
Anabaena
Cyanobacteria that carry out nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation
Process of incorporating nitrogen from the air into ammonia
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria that use light capturing chlorophylls and release oxygen
Heterocysts
Cell in a chain that fix nitrogen (simular to mesophyll cell in C3 plants)
Carl Woese
Discover archaeans and proposed the three domain system
Methanogens
Methane producers
Live in the gut or animals and in marshes
Are strictly anaerobic (free oxygen kills them)
Extreme halophiles
Salt Lovers
Extreme thermophiles
Heat lovers
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Author
ernest_thomasiii
ID
191506
Card Set
BIO 111 Chap 21
Description
BIO 111 Chap 21
Updated
2013-01-23T13:52:20Z
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