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Which of the following is a cognitive symptom of stress?
A. overeating
B. anxiety
C. frequent cold
D. memory problems
D. memory problems (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which of these diseases is more likely to occur in societies that encourage individualism as opposed to group cooperation and conformity?
A. tuberculosis
B. pneumonia
C. Influenza
D. cancer
D. cancer (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Whose name is associated with the General Adaptation Syndrome?
A. Hans Selye
B. Niel Miller
C. Carl Rogers
D. Sigmund Freud
B. Niel Miller (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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the fight-or-flight response is associated with which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. alarm
B. termination
C. resistance
D. exhaustion
A. alarm (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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while going sky diving for the first time, someone first experiences anxiety, but immediately after wants to do it again. whay type of stress is the latter?
A. ego stress
B. eustress
C. constructive stress
D. distress
B. eustress (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Holmes and Rahe developed the Social readjustment rating scale to measure changes due to?
A. major life events
B. man-made disasters
C. social difficulties
D. natural disasters
A. major life events (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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experiencing intense fear whle reliving a shocking even in one's dreams, falshbacks or intrusive recollections describes?
A. general adaptation syndrome
B. posttraumatic stress disorder
C. typical irritation
D. a major life event
B. posttraumatic stress disorder (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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lazarus and folkman believe that the first response when faced with a potential stressor, is to determine whether we are in imminent danger. this is termed?
A. primary appraisal
B. stress-related decision
C. secondary appraisal
D. hassle-related decision
A. primary appraisal (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which conditions are believed to result from overactivity of the immune system?
A. heart disease & parkinson's disease
B. AIDS & anorexia nervosa
C. common cold & cancer
D. allergies & arthritis
C. common cold & cancer (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which term describes a set of beliefs about members of a particular group?
A. expectation
B. categorization
C. classification
D. stereotype
D. stereotype (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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the tendency to assume a person has mostly positive or negative traits as a result of seeing one major positive or negative trait is called?
A. proximity effect
B. matching hypothesis
C. mere-exposure effect
D. halo effect
D. halo effect (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which one of sternbergs types of love has all three elements of intimacy, passion & commitment?
A. fatuous love
B. companionate love
C. consummate love
D. romantic love
C. consummate love (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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the kitty genovese murder is an example of which phenomenon?
A. altruism
B. aggressive displacement
C. bystander effect
D. both A & C
C. bystander effect (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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what occurs when in a group, when people try less, if contributions will not be evaluated individually?
A. social idleness
B. social facilitation
C. social loafing
D. goof-off phenomenon
C. social loafing (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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when someone gives into another persons wish or request they are demonstrating?
A. social facilitation
B. the halo effect
C. compliance
D. obedience
C. compliance (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which term describes what happens when compliance with an initial small request is followed by a larger request?
A. door-in-the-face request
B. risky shift
C. foot-in-the-door effect
D. polarization phenomenon
C. foot-in-the-door effect (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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you get a free cereal in the mail. the company hopes you will try it and feel obligated to buy it. what ter is used to describe this reaction?
A. group polarization
B. reciprocity
C. deindividuation
D. social facilitation
B. reciprocity (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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your text cities the iraq and bay of pigs invasions and sinking of the titanic as examples of which social psychological phenomena
A. social facilitation
B. social loafing
C. brainstorming
D. groupthink
D. groupthink (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which researcher conducted the experiment on obedience in which participants believed they were shocking a fellow participant with up to 400 volts for giving wrong answers?
A. Stanley Milgram
B. Robert Cialdini
C. Gordon Allport
D. Solomon Asch
A. Stanley Milgram (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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what is the root of the word "personality"?
A. from the greek for "individual"
B. from the latin for "mask"
C. from the greek for "distinct"
D. from the latin for "self"
B. from the latin for "mask" (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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rather than focusing on traits, walter mischel encouraged psycholgists to investigate:
A. body types
B. effects of neural conduction
C. heritability
D. the influence of situations on behavior
D. the influence of situations on behavior (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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the predisposition to respond in a particular way is described as a:
A. aggregate
B. trait
C. projective
D. state
B. trait (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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william sheldon believed personality could be related to:
A. humors
B. body types
C. skull elevations
D. neurotransmitters
B: body types
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sigmund freud proposed that his patients disorders resulted most often from psychoological conflicts related to:
A. marriage
B. sex
C. depression
D. denial
B. sex (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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what is freud's term from the primitive, biological side of personality?
A. ego
B. superego
C. preconsciousness
D. id
D. id (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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the reality principle is associated with which side of personality?
A. ego
B. preconscious
C. id
D. superego
A. ego (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which defense mechanism is demonstrated by a person with aggressive tendencies, who channels his energies into becoming a surgeon?
A. projection
B. repression
C. sublimation
D. reaction formation
C. sublimation (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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bandura's idea that people are affected by their environment but they can also influence their environment, is known as:
A. locus of control
B. reciprocal determinism
C. self-efficacy
D. phenomenology
B. reciprocol determinism (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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carl rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what others wold like the person to be. this acceptance is called:
A. conditional esteem
B. unconditional positive regard
C. unconditional esteem
D. conditional positive regard
B. unconditional positive regard (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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in most states, a successful insanity defense plea means a person is not held legally responsible if he/she is:
A. unaware of the law
B. diagnosed with an acquired psychological disorder
C. diagnosed with an inherited psychological disorder
D. unable to distinguish between right and wrong at the time of the crime
D. unable to distinguish between right and wrong at the time of the crime (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which approach to abnormality suggests that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated and often cured?
A. sociocultural
B. behavioral
C. medical
D. biopsychosocial
C. medical (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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your aunt would rather stay in her home, avoid public places and social situations. she would be diagnosed as:
A. cynophobia
B. agoraphobia
C. ailurophobia
D. specific phobia
B. agoraphobia (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which disorder is often accompanied by what has been called "free-floating" anxiety?
A. generalized anxiety disorder
B. panic attack
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder
D. acrophobia
A. generalized anxiety disorder (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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most cases of dissociative identity disorder are associated with:
A. neurotransmitter imbalances
B. brain damage
C. inherited neurological defects
D. abuse during childhood
D. abuse during childhood (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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what form of depression occurs during the fall and winter?
A. seasonal affective disorder
B. seasonal melancholy
C. winter depressive disorder
D. seasonal despondency
A. seasonal affective disorder (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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a person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between:
A. depression & mania
B. depression & schizophrenia
C. mania & schizophrenia
D. anxiety & mania
A. depression & mania (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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what term describes disorders in which severely disturbed individuals lose contact with reality and may require hospitalization?
A. neurosis
B. psychosis
C. regression
D. conversion
B. psychosis (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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the belief that you are a special agent for the intergalactic supernova is an example of a:
A. delusion
B. negative symptom
C. neologism
D. loose association
A. delusion (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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which disorder is associated with problem levels of the neurotransmitter dipamine?
A. dissociateive fungue
B. agoraphobia
C. schizophrenia
D. bipolar disorder
C. schizophrenia (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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define stress
physical, emotional, cognitve and behavorial responses to events that appear as threatening or challenging
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what are stressors?
events causing a stress reaction
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types of stress are:
distress and eustress
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distress:
unpleasant or undesireable stressors
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eustress
effects of positive events that people need to promote a healthy well-being
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how people think about stressors, determines how stressful the situation will be is considered as:
cognitive appraisal approach
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cognitive appraisal approach has two sub-categories:
primary appraisal & secondary appraisal
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primary appraisal
2st step in assessing a stress and classifying as a threat or challenging
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secondary appraisal
2nd step involves estimating resourcees available for coping with stressor
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catastrophe
cause of stress, unpredictable large-scale event that creates tremendous need to adapt/adjust as well as overwhelming feeling of threat
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posttraumatic stress disorder
exposure to major stressor and symptoms of anxiety, nightmares etc lasting more than one month
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everyday sources of stress include:
pressure, uncontrolability, frustration, conflict
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affects of frustration can include:
aggression, displaced aggression, escape or withdrawl
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the body uses which part of its nervous system to respond to stress?
autonomic nervous system
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the sympathetic nervous system is used in:
fight or flight response
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parasympathetic nervious system is used to:
restore body to normal function
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there are how many stages to the bodys reaction to stress in the General adaptation symdrome?
three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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general adaptation syndrome was introduced by:
Hans Selye
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defense mechanisms:
protecting ego from ID & superego
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psychological defense mechanisms:
unconscious distortions of persons perception of reality to reduce stress
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denial
refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation
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repression
pushes threatening event into unconscious mind
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rationalization
invents acceptable excuse for something unacceptable
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projection
unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else
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reaction formation
person forms opposite feelings or behavioral reaction to the way he/she really feels to keep true feelings hidden
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regression
going back to earlier stage of development
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identification
tryint to become like someone else
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compensation
make up for inferiorities by becoming superior in another area
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sublimation
channeling socially unacceptable impulses and behaviors into socially acceptable behavior
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social psychology
scientific study of how a persons thoughs, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by the real imagined or implied presence of others
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social influence
process through which the real or impled presence of others can directly incluence the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of an individual
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conformity
changing ones behavior to match with other people
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groupthink
kind of thinking that occurs when people place more importance on maintaining croup cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the prolbem wit which the group is concerned
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consumer psychology
studies habbits of consumers in the market place, including compliance
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compliance
changing ones behavior as a result of someone requesting or asking for the change
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foot-in-the-door technique is a way to gain compliance by:
asking for a small commitment and after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment
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door-in-the-face technique is a way of gaining compliance by:
asking for a large commitment and being refused then asking for a smaller commitment
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a reaction of the door-in-the-face technique is:
norm of reciprocity: if someone does something for that person, should do soemthing in return; obligated
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lowball technique is a way of gaining compliance by:
getting commitment from a person & then raisint cost of commitment
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thats-not-all technique is a way of gaining compliance by:
making an offer and then adding something extra to make the offer look better
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Obedience
changing ones behavior at the commands of an authority figure
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Milgram Study
a "teacher" administered, what they thought were real, electric shocks to a "learner" who was actually aware of the real experiment
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stanley milgrams experement focused on what?
obedience
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social facilitation
presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task
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social loafing
tendency to put less effort into simple talk when working in a group
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cognitive dissonance
discomfort or distress that occurs when a persons behavior does not correspond to that persons impression formation the forming of the first knowledge that a person has concerning another person
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