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Are infectious diseases the same as communicable diseases?
yes
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Any disease transmitted from one person or animal to another; also called contagious disease. Sometimes quarantine is required to prevent the spread of disease.
Communicable diseases
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What are the three factors that affect the vector?
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What are the stages of Infection?
- Latent
- Communicable
- Incubation
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The rate or range of occurrence or influence of something, esp. of something unwanted
Incidence
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belonging exclusively or confined to a particular place, Certain number expected to happen every year.
Endemic
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a sudden and active manifestation, or increase in numbers
Outbreak
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prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world; epidemic over a large area
Pandemic
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affecting many persons at the same time, and spreading from person to person in a locality where the disease is not permanently prevalent.extremely prevalent; widespread
Epidemic
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When looking at an Outbreak, you take into consideration...
- New diagnostic testing - more results
- The definition of the disease - AIDS vs. HIV
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List the chain of Transmission
- Infectious agent
- susceptible host
- portal of entry
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- transmission
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What are the necessary factors of Infectious agents?
- The ability to infect - Infectivity
- Pathogenicity - has to develop into a disease
- Virulence - Create symptoms
- Toxicity - Toxic effects on the body
- Invasiveness - easily enter and exit
- Resistance - not easily treated
- Antigenicity - ability to activate the immune system
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What are the four main categories of infectious Agents?
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
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Chicken Pox
- High infectivity
- high Pathogenicity
- low virulence
- MEANING
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Tuberculosis
- low infectivity
- high pathogenicity
- high virulence
- MEANING:
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Antibiotic resistant diseases
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Viruses
- Influenza
- Hep ABC
- Herps
- Rubella
- Measles
- Rabies
- Rocky Mt Spotted Fever
- Typhus
- SARS
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List the Mycoses - Fungus
- Athletes foot
- Ringworm
- Mycoplasmal - yeast infection
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Protozoa & Helminthes
- Malaria
- Amoebas
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Giardia
- WORMS
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Respiratory passages, mucous membranes, skin, percutaneous space, mouth, placenta
Entry
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Respiratory secretions, vaginal secretions, semen, saliva, lesion exudates, blood, feces.
Exit
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Parent to offspring, usually through reproduction (Transportation)
Vertical
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Person to Person Transportation
Person to person
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Touch, bite, kiss, sexual contact, coughing, sneezing, laughing transmission Horizontal
Direct
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Fomities (inanimate object) , Vectors for om horizontal transmission
Indirect
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Animals or arthropods
Vectors
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vector directly injecting and infecting
Biological
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Fly carrying fecal component to food
Mechanical
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Example of Combination of modes Direct and indirect
- Fecal Oral
- Consumption of contaminated food
- Oral sexual activity
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What are the two factors that help susecptibility
- resistance or lack thereof to an infections agent
- biological and personal factors
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any disease of animals communicable to humans
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What do you do to break the chain of transmission for the agent?
- Disinfection
- sterilization
- radiation of fomites
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What do you do to break the chain of transmission for the Host?
Quarantine
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What do you do to break the chain of transmission for the portals of entry and exit?
- isolation
- universal precautions
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Species-determined innate resistance to an infectious agent
Natural immunity
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attained due to previous natural exposure
Acquired immunity
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Host production of antibodies, by either from pathogen or vaccination
Active Immunity
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Transfer of antibody from an immunized individual to non-immunized individual.
Passive immunity
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Those not immune to the infectious agent are protected if a proportion of the population is vaccinated or immune. Magic number is 80%.
Herd Immunity
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What are the three reasons to make a disease reportable?
- Prevent spread of disease
- Detect outbreaks
- monitor trends of a disease
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Who is responsible for monitoring diseases
CDC
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What are three categories of infectious diseases?
- Control - herd immunity
- elimination - near zero - polio
- eradication - none - small pox
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