Which of the follwing is FALSE about respiratory viruses?
B. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is typically treated with neuraminidase inhibitors and M2-ion-channel blockers
What are some common features of respiratory virus infection?
baceterial superinfection
person-to-person transmission
multiple infections with each virus
overlapping spectrum of diseases
short inucabation period (days)
world-wide distribution
seasonal
What are the common viral causes of the common cold? What are the less common causes?
common: rhinovirus, coronavirus
less common: influenza, parainfluenza, enterovirus, adenovirus
What are the common diagnostic tools used to detect respiratory viruses?
culture
antigen detection
nucleic acid detection (PCR)
serology
What are the fundamental differences between antigenic shift and antigenic drift?
What are the common viruses associated with "the flu"? What are the less common viral associations?
common: Influenza A or B
less common: parainfluenza, adenovirus
Parainfluenza 1-3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles virus, and human metapneumovirus are all part of which group of viruses? What is their genetic structure?
paramyxoviruses
(-)sense ssRNA
True or False: Changing 2 positions in the HA (hemagglutin) receptor-binding domain (i.e. changing the receptor usage in the upper and lower respiratory tract) can enable avian influenza strains become transmissibe as a respiratory virus from person-to-person.
True
What are some neuraminidase inhibitors and whare are they used to treat?
e.g. zanamavir
e.g. oseltamavir
used to treat influenza
What are some M2-ion-channel blockers and what are they used to treat?
e.g. amantadine
e.g. rimantadine (limited use because of resistance)
used to treat influenza
What are the common treatments for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
ribavirin
RSV-IGIV
monoclonal antibody (e.g. palivizumab)
What are the single-stranded, (-) sense RNA respiratory viruses?
othomyxovirus (e.g. influenza A & B)
paramyxoviruses (e.g. parainfluenza 1-3, RSV, measles virus, human metapneumovirus)
Bunyavirus (e.g Hantavirus)
What is Croup?
laryngotracheobronchitis
What traits do ortho- and para-myxoviruses have in common?
respiratory pathogens
(-)sense, ssRNA
helical nucleocapsid
enveloped
bud from cell surface
How do ortho- and para-myxoviruses differ?
genome segmentation
site of entry
primer requirement
site of RNA synthesis
rate of recombination
Which respiratory viruses have animal repositories?
influenza A
coronavirus
What are the common and uncommon respiratory viruses?
common:
(2)adenovirus
coronavirus
(3)rhinovirus/enterovirus
(1)RSV
parainfluenza virus
human metapneumovirus
influenza viruses
(4)human bocavirus (parvovirus) --> only an association with human disease
less common:
herpesviruses
hantavirus
reoviruses
enteroviruses
What are the common and less common viral causes of Croup?
common: parainfluenza
less common: influenza, RS, adenovirus
What are the common and less common viral causes of bronchiolitis?
common: RSV, human metapnumovirus
less common: influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus
What are the common and less common viral causes of pneumonia?
