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Staphlococcus Coagulase
- - Is on every human.
- - produce coagulase (clots blood)
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Viral Diseases of the Skin
Measles, Rubella, Fifth Disease, Roseola
Dx: Clinical signs and symptoms. Confirmed by serology or PCR
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Measles (V)
- Pathogen: Measles
- POE: Respiratory Tract
- Symptoms: Skin Rash of reddish macules on face then spreading to extremities.
- Method Of Transmission: Aerosol
- Treatment: No treatment; preexposure vaccine
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Rubella (V)
- Pathogen: Rubella Virus
- POE: Respiratory Tract
- Symptoms: MIld macular disease with a measles like rash, disappears in 3 days or less
- Method Of Transmission:
- Treatment:
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Fifth Disease (V)
- Pathogen: Human parovirus B19
- POE: Respiratory Tract
- Symptoms: Mild disease with a macular facial rash
- Method Of Transmission: Aerosol
- Treatment: None
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Roseola (V)
- Pathogen: Human herpesvirus 6, 7
- POE: Respiratory Tract
- Symptoms: High fever followed by macular body rash
- Method Of Transmission: Aerosol
- Treatment: None
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Candidiasis (F)
Gram staining of skin scrapings
- Pathogen: Candida albicans
- POE: Skin; Mucous membranes
- Symptoms: Macular rash
- Method Of Transmission: Direct contact; endogenous infection
- Treatment: Miconazole, clotrimozole
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Impetigo (B)
Dx: Culturing
- Pathogen: S. aureus
- POE: Skin
- Symptoms: Vesicles on the skin
- Method Of Transmission: Direct Contact; fomites?
- Treatment: Topical Antibiotics
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Smallpox (V)
Dx: clinical signs and symptoms
confirmed with PCR?
- Pathogen: Smallpox Virus
- POE: Respiratory tract
- Symptoms: Pustules that may be confluent on skin
- Method Of Transmission: Aerosol
- Treatment: None
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Monkeypox (V)
- Pathogen: Monkeypox Virus
- POE: Respiratory Tract
- Symptoms: Pustules, similar to smallpox
- Method Of Transmission: direct contact/aerosol from infected small mammals
- Treatment: None
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Chickenpox [Varicella] (V)
- Pathogen: Varicella-zoster virus
- POE: respiratory tract
- Symptoms: vesicle in most cases confined to face, throat, and lower back
- Method Of Transmission: Aerosol
- Treatment: Acycolvir for immunocompromised pts; preexposure vaccine
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Shingles [herpes-zoster] (V)
- Pathogen: Varicella-zoster virus
- POE: endogenous infection of peripheral nerves
- Symptoms: vessicles typically on one side of waist, face scalp, or upper chest
- Method Of Transmission: recurrence of latent chickenpox infection
- Treatment: Acyclovir preventive vaccine
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Herpes simplex (V)
- Pathogen: Herpes simplex virus type 1
- POE: Skin; Mucous Membranes
- Symptoms: Vesicles around mouth; can also affect other areas of skin and mucious membranes
- Method Of Transmission: Direct contact; recurring latent infection
- Treatment: Acyclovir
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Conjunctivitis (B)
- Pathogen: Haemophilus influenzae
- POE: Conjunctiva
- Symptoms: Redness
- Method Of Transmission: direct contact; fomites
- Treatment: none
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Ophthalmia neonatorum (B)
- Pathogen: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- POE: Conjunctiva
- Symptoms: Acute infection with pus formation
- Method Of Transmission: Birth canal
- Treatment: Prevention: tetracycline, erythromycin, or providone - iodine
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Inclusion conjunctivitis (B)
- Pathogen: Chlamydia trachomatis
- POE: Conjunctiva
- Symptoms: Swelling of eyelid; pus and mucus formation
- Method Of Transmission: birth canal, swimming pool
- Treatment: Tetracycline
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Trachoma (B)
- Pathogen: Chlamydia trachomatis
- POE: Conjunctiva
- Symptoms: Conjunctivitis
- Method Of Transmission: Direct contact; fomites; flies
- Treatment: Azithromycin
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Conjunctivitis (V)
- Pathogen: Adenoviruses
- POE: conjunctiva
- Symptoms: redness
- Method Of Transmission: direct contact; recurring latent infection
- Treatment: trifluridine may be effective
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Herpetic keratitis (V)
- Pathogen: Herpes simplex type 1 virus
- Portal of Entry: Conjunctiva; Cornea
- Symptoms: Keratitis
- Method of Transmission: Direct Contact
- Treatment: trifluridine may be effective
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Acanthatmoeba keratitis (Protozoan Disease)
- Pathogen: Acanthatmoeba spp.
- Portal of Entry: Corneal abrasion; soft contact lenses may prevent reoval of amoeba by blinking
- Symptoms: Keratitis
- Method of Transmission: Contact with fresh water
- Treatment: Propamidine isethionate or miconazole; corneal transplant or eye removal
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Patchy Redness and Pimple-Like Conditions
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Folliculitis (B)
- Pathogen: S. aureus
- Portal of Entry: Hair follicle
- Symptoms: infection of hair follicle
- Method of Transmission: Direct contact; fomites; endogenous infection
- Treatment: Draining of pus; topical antibiotics
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Toxic Shock Syndrome (B)
- Pathogen: S. aureus
- Portal of Entry: Surgical incisions
- Symptoms: Fever, Rash, shock
- Method of Transmission: Endogenous infection
- Treatment: Antibiotics, depending of sensitivity profile
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Necrotizing fasciitis (B)
- Pathogen: S. pyogenes
- Portal of Entry: Skin, mucous membranes
- Symptoms: Extensive soft- tissue destruction
- Method of Transmission: Diredt Contact
- Treatment: Surgical tissue removal; broad spectrum antibiotics
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Erysipelas (B)
- Pathogen: S. pyogenes
- Portal of Entry: Skin; mucous membranes
- Symptoms: Reddish patches on skin' often with fever
- Method of Transmission: Endogenous Infection
- Treatment: Cephalosporin
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Pseudomonas dermatitis (B)
- Pathogen: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Portal of Entry: Skin abrasions
- Symptoms: Superficial Rash
- Method of Transmission: Swimming water; hot tubs
- Treatment: Usually self limiting
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Otitis externa (B)
- Pathogen: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Portal of Entry: Ear
- Symptoms: Superficial inferction of external ear canal
- Method of Transmission: Swimming water
- Treatment: Fluoroquinolones
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Acne (B)
- Pathogen: Propionibacterium acnes
- Portal of Entry: Sebum channels
- Symptoms: Inflamed lesions originating with accumulations of sebum that rupture a hair follicle
- Method of Transmission: Direct contact
- Treatment: Benzoyl peroxide, isotretinoin, azelaic acid
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Buruli ulcer (B)
- Pathogen: Mycobacterium ulcerans
- Portal of Entry: Skin
- Symptoms: Localized swelling or hardness progresing to deep ulcer
- Method of Transmission: Contaminated Water
- Treatment: Antimycobacterial drugs
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Warts (V)
Dx: clinical signs and symptoms
- Pathogen: Papillomavirus
- Portal of Entry: Skin
- Symptoms: horny projection of skin by proliferation of cells
- Method of Transmission: Direct contact
- Treatment: liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, electro desiccation, acids, lazers
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Ringworm (V)
Dx: microscopic examination
- Pathogen: Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton spp.
- Portal of Entry: Skin
- Symptoms: skin lesions of varied appearance
- Method of Transmission: direct contact; fomites
- Treatment: Griseofulvin (orally); miconazole, clotrimazole (topically)
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Sporotrichosis (F)
- Pathogen: Sporothrix schenkii
- Portal of Entry: skin abrasions
- Symptoms: ulcer at site of infection spreading into lymph
- Method of Transmission: soil
- Treatment: potassium iodide solution (orally)
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Scabies (Parasitic Infestations)
Dx: microscopic examinations of parasite
- Pathogen: Sarcoptes scabiei (mite)
- Portal of Entry: Skin
- Symptoms: Papules, itching
- Method of Transmission: Direct contact
- Treatment: Gamma benzene, hexachloride, permethrin (topically)
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Pediculosis - Lice (Parasitic infestations)
- Pathogen: Pediculus humanus captis
- Portal of Entry: Skin
- Symptoms: Itching
- Method of Transmission: primary direct contact; fomites in bedding
- Treatment: topical insecticide preparations
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