radiation biology

• 1. prophase
• 2. metaphase
• 3. anaphase
• 4. telophase

• 1. the cell enters prophase when it begins to divide
• 2. the replicated chromosomes (chromatids) become visible
• 3. the mitotic apparatus appears

• 1. 'position changing'
• 2. the chromatids align on centre of spindle attached by their centromeres

• 1. the 'apart phase'
• 2. the centromeres separate

• 1. the 'end phase'
• 2. mitotic apparatus disappears
• 3. chromosomes uncoil
• 4. the nuclear envelope re-appears 

it is where the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is produced in a cell aka the powerhouse of a cell, where all the energy is stored

Each x ray photon that interacts by either photoelectric absorption or Compton scatter causes further ionisation in surrounding atoms

Most ionisations occur in atoms that make up non-critical cell structures, such as the cytoplasm, 

• 1. RNA
• 2. DNA
• 3. Enzymes

Ionising radiation has enough energy to disrupt chemical bonds either by direct or indirect effect.