Dysarthria

• Parkinsons
• Wilsons
• Progressive Nuclear Palsy
• Dystonia
• HD
• ALS
• MS

• Stroke
• Infections
• TBI
• Surgical Trauma

• Damage to cerebellar system
• Gait disturbances (hyptonia, instability of head and trunk)
• Movement disorders - over/undershooting of targets, uncoordinated, slow, jerky, imprecise, halting

• Damage to the LMN
• Associated with ALS, mysathenia gravis
• Cranial nerves affected: V, VII, IX, X, XII
• Fasiculations, fibrillations (contraction of indiviudal muscles), atrophy

• Damage to basal ganglia
• Involuntary movement, prosodic disturbances are dominant, tremor, chorea, tics

• Damage to basal ganglia
• Associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinsons, Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Tremors in the resting position, micrographic writing (small), mask-like face, walking disorders, postural disturbances

• UMN pathways
• Hyperadduction of VF, inaqueate VP closure, movements disorders (reduced range, slowness, loss of fine and skilled movements, increased muscle tone)

Flaccid-Spastic

Ataxic-Spastic

• Associated with aphasia, dysphagia, apraxia, RH syndrome
• Unilateral lower face weakness, unilateral tongue weakness, hemiparesis/plegia

Tardive dyskinesia, a  late-developing disorder similar to chorea and often caused by long-term use of antipsychotic drugs, is associated with hyperkinetic dysarthrias of the predominately quick subtype and characterized by spasmodic facial movements involving tongue-protrusions (so-called “fly-cather’s movements), grimacing, chewing, and lip-smacking

~spastic

~flaccid

Slow, arrhythmic, writhing, and involunary movements of the extremities