A&P Ch9 terms

cells that produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food

the muscular layer of the wall of the alimentary canal

opening in the duodenum into which the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct drain

the short tube at the end of the rectum that contains two circular sphincters ( internal and external), which help regulate the passage of stool

the distal orifice of the alimentary canal, where stoll passes from the body

inflammation of the appendix

one of four portions of the colon, it extends upward from the cecum

a digestive enzyme produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins

the blind sac at the beginning of the large intestine

digestion of food by enzymes in the stomach and small bowel

cells in the stomach mucosa that produce pepsinogen, an important enzyme in the digestion of food

symptoms from cholelithiasis

a hormone produced in the intestine that stimulates the production of pancreatic secretions and gallbladder contractions and inhibits gastric motility

the presence of gallstones

a semiliquid mass formed in the stomach by churned food mixed with digestive juices

a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins

a portion of the gastrointestinal system extending from the small intestine to the rectum that maintains water balance by absorbing and excreting water

a fiberoptic scope used in the visual examination of the colon

tubular glands located in the colon, which contain many mucous-producing goblet cells

the route through which the gallbladder releases bile

one of four portions of the colon, it extends from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon

large dome-shaped muscle used for respiration that represents the boundary between the abdominal and thoracic cavities

enzymes that break down sugars

weakened areas (outpouchings) in the walls of the colon

inflammation of the diverticuli

the sharp bend in the small intestine between the duodenum and the jejunum

the first of three sections of the small intestine, it extends posteriorly from the stomach and forms a 180 degree arch within the abdomen

cells in the stomach mucosa that produce regulatory hormones

an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes

two muscular rings (upper and lower) that regulate the movement of material into and out of the esophagus

the expandable hollow tube through which partially digested food passes from the mouth to the stomach

gas within the colon

the bottom of a hollow organ

a saclike organ located on the lower surface of the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile

rigid stones formed by digestive enzymes within the gallbladder

a hormone that inhibits both gastric secretion and motility

numerous pits in the stomach mucosa

a hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the stomach that increases stomach secretions as well as the rate of gastric emptying

irritation of the stomach often caused by overproduction of stomach acid by the parietal cells

the opening from the esophagus to the stomach

system composed of structures and organs involved in the consumption, digestion and elimination of food

cells that produce a protective mucous lining

recesses in the colon caused by contractions of the teniae coli

sensation often caused by the back flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

large veins that line the inside of the anal canal

abnormal dilation of veins in the hemorrhoidal plexus

the first turn (sharp left turn near the inferior border of the liver) in the large intestine at the end of the ascending colon and beginning of the transverse colon

a specialized portion of the circulatory system that directs blood from the intestine through the liver for processing

a weakening in the esophageal hiatus that allows the stomach to move above the diaphragm and may result in acid reflux, causing heartburn

an acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach that aids in digestion

the junction between the ileum and large intestine

the last portion of the small intestine, which extends from the jejunum to the ileocecal valve at the beginning of the large intestine

the chemical substance produced by parietal cells that is important in the absorption of vitamin B12

numerous pits in the stomach mucosa

the middle portion of the small intestine, it has thicker walls and more folds than the other portions of the small intestine

a capillary and lymph channel contained in each villus

a portion of the gastrointestinal system that extends from the small intestine to the rectum and maintains water balance by absorbing and excreting water

pancreatic enzymes that break down fat

a large abdominal organ that secretes bile into the gallbladder, it is the largest internal organ of the body

the opening of a vessel

chewing

an anatomic landmark in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen that typically represents the location of pain associated with appendicitis

chewing of food

parts of the peritoneum that hold the abdominal organs in place and provide a passageway for blood vessels and nerves to the organs

the motion of substances through the digestive tract

the innermost lining of the lumen of each portion of the alimentary canal, rich in glands, lymphatic tissue, and blood vessels

bacteria that are located in the colon and help in the digestion of food

a cavity created by a double fold of mesentery, which extends inferiorly from the stomach

an elongated organ located in the left upper quadrant, within the C-haped loop of the small intestine, it secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon

the duct through which digestive enzymes pass on their way through the common hepatic duct to the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater

cells in the gastric mucosa that produce hydrochloric acid

a smooth membrane of connective tissue that lines the abdominal cavity

three sets of salivary glands

the enzyme formed from the exposure of pepsinogen to hydrochloric acid that is important in the initial breakdown

an enzyme produced by the chief cells that is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid

a condition in which parts of the stomach and duodenal lining are eroded by stomach acid

enzymes that break down proteins

the process of contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of the alimentary tract that serves to propel food through the system

a two-layer smooth membrance of connective tissue that surrounds a group of digestive organs within the abdomen

a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity

intermittent patches of lymph nodes located in the ileum

circular folds that run perpendicular to the long axis of the digestive tract and increase the surface area available for absorption

the opening between the stomach and the small intestine

the thick ring of smooth muscle that surrounds the pyloric opening

the distal portion of the large intestine, ending at the anal canal

an area behind the parietal peritoneum that contains the kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, and major blood vessels of the abdominal cavity

thick folds of the stomach wall

the fluid produced by the salivary glands that helps break down starches and other polysaccharides into simple sugars, washes the oral cavity, and helps weaken bacteria

the primary enzyme in saliva

the glands that produce saliva, includes the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

a hormone produced by the duodenum that inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates the production of alkaline pacreatic secretions

the outer lining of the bowel

one of four portions of the colon, it extends from the descending colon and forms an S-shaped tube that extends into the pelvis and ends as the rectum

the portion of the gastrointestinal system that consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and is the major site of food digestion and nutrient absorption

a ring of muscle that surrounds an opening allowing for contraction or closing

the second sharp turn in the large intestine, connecting the transverse colon to the descending colon

an expandable organ that is located in the left upper quadrant, below the diaphragm

the lining next to the mucosa in the gastrointestinal system that contains blood vessels and lymphatic channels

a portion of the longitudinal muscle layer of the wall of the large intestine that encircles the colon

one of four portions of the colon, it extends from the hepatic flexure across the abdomen to the splenic flexure

a pancreatic enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins

the navel, which serves as the central reference point in determining the location of organs in the abdominal quadrants

an appendage attached to the end of the cecum that contains large numbers of lymph nodules

fingerlike projections in the plicae circulares

a smooth membrane of connective tissue that lies in close contact with the organs within the peritoneal cavity