space 2

• Radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light
• e.g. such as visible light, radio waves, and X rays, gamma rays, Ultra Violet rays etc.

A telescope that uses a lens to collect the light from an object

A telescope that uses a mirror to collect the light from an object

• An aritificial (human-made) object or vehicle that orbits Earth, the Moon, or other celestial bodies; also, a celestial bosy that orbits another or larger size
• e.g. the Moon is Earth's natural satellite

Observatories that orbit other planets. 

- They take high-resolution images that are not obtainable from Earth

The theory that describes how stars and planets form from contracting, spinning disks of gas and dust

A celestial body made of hot gases, mainly hydrogen and some helium

e.g. The Sun

A vast cloud of gas and dust, which may be the birthplace of stars and planets

hot, condensed object at the centre of a nebula

the process of energy production in which hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium nuclei

--Nuclear fusion begins when the temperature reaches 10 000 000 degrees Celsius

The surface layer of the Sun

an area of strong magnetic fields on the photosphere

-- Sun spots occur in 22-yar cycles, peaking in number at intervals of about every 11 years

A stream of fast- moving charged particles ejected by the Sun into the solar system

• -Solar flares can occur where there are complex groups of sunspots .
• -Solar flares are an event in which magnetic fields explosively eject intense steams of charged particles(called solar wind) into space
• -When the charged particles from the Sun collide with Earths upper atmosphere auroras can result

•  Solar flares
• 

A star's total energy output per second; its power in joules per second (J/s)

The madnitude of a star that we wouold observe if the star were placed 32.6 light-years from Earth

An optical instrument that produces a spectrum from a narrow beam of light, and usually projects the spectrum onto a photographic plate or a digital detector

Certain specific wavelengths within a spectrum characterized by lines; spectral lines identify specific chemical elements

A graph that compares the properties of stars

A narrow band of stars on the H-R diagram that runs siagonally from the upper left ( bright, hot stars ) to the lower right ( dim, cool stars); about 90 percent of stars, including the Sun, are in the main sequence

A small, dim, hot star

A massive explosion in which the entire outer portion of a star is blown off

A star so dense that only neutrons can exist in the core

They consume their hydrogen slowly, over a period of time. During that time time, they lose significant mass, essentially evaportating. In the end all that remains of them is a very faint white dwarf. 

They consume hydrogen faster than low-mass stars, over a period of about 10 billion years. When their hydrogen is used up, the core collapses. As the core contracts, the temperature increases and the outer layer begin to expand.

- the Sun is an intermediate- mass star

they consume their fuel even faster than intermediate stars. As a result, high-mass stars die more quickly and more violently. As heavier elements form by fusion, the star expands into a supergiant 

• A tiny patch of space that has no volume, but does have mass.
• The gravity of a black hole is so trong noting can escape it , not even light