chapter 3 federalism

a law declaring an act illegal wothout a judicial trail

broad grant with few strings attached; given to states by the federal government for specified activities such as secondary education or health services

grant for which congress appropriates funds for a specific purpose

authority by both the state & national governments that may be exercised concurrently as long as that power is not exclusively within the scope of national power or in conflict with national law (Ex. Taxing)

the relationship between the national and state governments that began with the New Deal

the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement

17 specific powers granted to congrees under article I section 8 of the U.S contistution these powers incude taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authoruty to provide for a national defense

law passed after the fact thereby making previosly legal activity illegal and subject to current penalty prohibited by the U.S constitution

system of government where the national governement and state derive all authority from the people

portion of article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

contracts between states  that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to adress multi state policy concerns

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the bank. The court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later ruling upholding expansive federal powers.

the final paragraph of article I section 8 of the U.S constitution which gives congresss the authority to pass all laws "neccesary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the constitution; also called the elastic clause

federal/state relation proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments

a concept derived from the Constitution's supremacy clause that allowed the national government to override or preempt state or local actions in certain areas

part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

to enact national income tax

 final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to the states reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”

The right of a state to be free from lawsuit unless it gives permission to suit, under the 11th amendment all states are considered sovereign.

portion of article VI of the U.S constitution mandating that national law is supreme to (that is supercedes ) all other laws passed by the states or by any othe subvision of government

made senetors direcly elected by the people removed thier elction form state legislaures

National laws that direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations (such as clean air or water standards) but contain no federal funding to defray the cost of meeting these requirements (ex. Clean water act and the safe drinking water act)

system of government where the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government (ex. Great Britain)