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increase in reactant
More reactant molecules means a greater opportunity for reactant molecules to collide and become product molecules. Hence, the forward reaction rate is increased while the reverse reaction rate is initially unchanged yiending a net shift towards reactants
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increase in product
More product molecules means a greater opportunity for product molecules to collide and become reactant molecules. Hence, the reverse reaction rate is increased while the forward rate is initially unchanged yielding a net shift towards reactants.
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removal of reactant
Fewer reactant molecules means less opportunity for reactant molecules to collide and become product molecules. This slows the forward rate while the reverse rate is initially unchanged yielding a net shift towards reactants.
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removal of product
Fewer product molecules means less opportunity for product molecules to collide and become reactant molecules. This slows the reverse reaction rate while the forward reaction rate remains initially unchanged yielding a net shift towards products.
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catalyst added
The catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reaction rates equally, causing no net change.
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pressure of all gases increased (ex: compressing container)
The concentration of all substances is increased, but it is a larger increase for the side with more moles of gas. This increases the reaction rate away from the side with more moles of gas.
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total pressure increased by adding an inert gas
The amounts of products and reactants are not increased, so neither reaction rate is changed, therefore there is no net shift.
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increase in temperature (exothermic)
Both the forward and reverse rates are increased. However, the increase is greater for the reverse reaction rate, hence a net shift toward reactants.
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increase in temperature (endothermic)
Both the forward and reverse rates are increased. However, the increase is greater for the forward reaction rate, hence a net shift towards products.
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decrease in temperature (exothermic)
Both the forward and reverse rates are decreased. However, the decrease is greater for the reverse reaction rate, hence a net shift towards the products.
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decrease in temperature (endothermic)
Both the forward and reverse rates are decreased. However, the decrease is greater for the forward reaction rate, hence a net shift towards the reactants.
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