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nickel, zinc, and cadmuim ions
Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+
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lead and tin ions
Sn2+/Sn4+, Pb2+/Pb4+
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gold and copper ions
Au+/Au3+, Cu+ (rare)/ Cu2+ (common)
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hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
HSO4-
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hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HCO3-
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hydrogen phosphate
HPO42-
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dihydrogen phosphate
H2PO4-
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decomposition of metal carbonate
metal oxide + carbon dioxide
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decomposition of H2O2
2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2
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solubility rules
- all nitrate, ammonium, chlorate, and acetate compounds
- all group IA, most group IIA
- most chloride, bromide, and iodide; except with Ag+ and Pb2+
- most sulfate; except those with Ba2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, and Ca2+
- most oxide, hydroxide, sulfide, carbonate, and phosphate are not
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alcohols
one H replaced by OH
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nonmetal oxides in water
- smush together and reduce
- acidic
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metal oxides in water
- double displacement (don't list water as a product)
- basic
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Cu(NH3)42+ color
electric blue
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Cu2+ solution color
aqua blue
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Ni2+ solution color
green
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Fe3+ solution color
orange
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phenolpthalein color in acidic solution
clear
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phenolpthalein color in basic solution
pink
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