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Development of Heart
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What week does the heart start to function?
4th
The embryo initially divides into two cavities; These are?
Amniotic
Yolk
What connects the two embryonic cavities to the embryo?
Connecting Stock
What does the connecting stock evolve into?
Umbilical chord
Blood islands encompass the embryo in the what?
Cytotrophoblast
Blood islands eventually fuse to form what?
Blood vessels
Fusing blood islands fuse to form blood vessles in the trophoblast and the what?
Tertiary Chorionic Villus
What is the mesoderm?
One layer of the primary germ cells and is responsible for connective tissue
Which end does the heart begin to form from?
Cranial (Head) end
What is the cardiogenic area?
Small group of mesodermal cells responsible for heart formation forming a pair of elongated strands called cardiogenic cords
How do the cardiogenic cords form the heart?
Lateral Folding
Fuse
This is called the Primitive Heart Tube
Where can blood islands be found?
Surface of yolk sack
Cavities form between the blood islands. Why?
Do give hollow tubes - creating vessels
What is the pericardial coelom?
Section of the cardiogenic area that folds to surround the heart to create the pericardial sack
What are the endothelial strands known as in early development?
Angioplastic cords
Why does the Oropharyngeal membrane fold posterior to the brain?
Different rates of growth
What is cardiac jelly?
Gelatinous connective tissue
What is the endocardium developed from?
Endothelial tube
What is the myocardium developed from?
Primordial myocardium
How do we know the arterial end of the heart tube?
Its where blood exits
How do we know the venous end of the heart tube?
Its where blood enters
What does the sinus venosus develop into?
Right atrium
Coronary sinus
SA node
What does the bulbis cordis develop into?
R ventricle
What are the 5 main regoins of the developing heart?
Sinus venosus
Atrium
Ventricle
Bulbus cordis
Truncus arteriosus
Function of sinus venosus?
Receive blood from all veins in embryo
What does the atrium develop into?
Right and Left atrium
What does the ventricle develop into?
Left ventricle
What does the truncus arteriosus develop into?
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Elongation causes folding of the tubes into the heart: how?
Atrial and venous ends are confined by the pericardium
What is the job of the cardiac jelly?
Seprates epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
What are the 3 pairs of veins that drain into the heart?
Vitelline
Umbilical
Cardial Veins
What do the vitelline veins do?
Return poorly oxygenated blood from the yolk sac
What do the umbillical veins do?
Carry well oxygenated blood from the chorionic villi of the embryonic placenta
What do the cardial veins do?
Return poorly oxygenated blood from the body of the embryo
How does the ductus venosus effect the liver?
Develops in liver connecting the umbilical vein to the IVC, meaning no blood travels through the hepatic capillary network
Which is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood?
Umbilical
What muscle and muscle movement give rise to the first contraction?
Continuous muscle
Peristalsis motion
What are endocardial cushions?
Pinching of endocardium to form atrioventricular canals
What is the foramen ovale?
Opening in the interatrial septum (IAS)
What is the septum primum?
Upper most region of the IAS
What is the foramen primum?
The lowst hole in IAS
What is the foramen secundum?
The highest hole
What is the process of Foramen Ovale?
Septum primum begins to form downwards
Foramen primum begins to form upwards
Foramum primum fuses with endocardial cushions (closed)
Septum sarcundum (upper limb) begins to form downwards
Septum sarcundum (lower limb) begins to form upwards
Creates a foramen ovale
Septum primum degenerates
Valve is created - foramen ovale
How is the foramen ovale closed?
Increase in LA pressure compared to right - fusion
How to pulmonary veins associate with LA?
Grow independently onto LA
Name 3 shunts and their purpose during development:
Foramen Ovale - R - L atrium
Ductus arteriosis - Pulm Trunk - Aorta
Ductus Venosis - Umb Vein - IVC (bypasses liver)
What are the 3 different types of ASD?
Ostium secumdum - Middle Septum
Ostium Primum defect (endocardial cushion defect) - Lower Septum
Sinus Venosus Defect - Roof of Septum
What are the 4 structural complications with the heart in tetralogy of Fallot
VSD
Pulmonary Stenosis
Enlarged R Ventricle
Anterior deviation of the aorta
What is a patent ductus arteriosis?
Blood vessel between the aorta and pulmonary trunk remains open, causing a back flow of blood into the R ventricle
Author
Westy50
ID
190209
Card Set
Development of Heart
Description
DOH
Updated
2012-12-27T15:43:25Z
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