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Psychology.
Scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research.
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Goals of Psychology.
Describe, explain, predict, influence.
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Scientific Method.
Question, hypothesis, experiment, result, conclusion, theory.
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Strucuralism.
1879 in Leipzig Germany, self observation.
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Functionalism.
Founded by William James in 1875, believed that everything served a function whic was survival.
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Gestalt Pyschology.
Group of german pyschologist belived that perecption is more of a sum of its parts.
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Pyschoanalytic.
Founded by Sigmund Freud, believed humans have primitve biological urges.
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Behavioral.
Russian Ivan Pavlov, how organisms modify and respond to events in the enviroment.
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Humanistic.
Work of Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Rollo May, believed that each person has freedom in directing his or her future.
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Cognitive.
Jean Piaget, focused on how thought processes infulence our behavior.
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Pyschobiologists.
Study the effects of drugs or try to explain behavior in terms of biological factors.
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Sociocultural.
Influence on cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior.
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Types of Samples.
Population, represenative, nonrepresenative, random, stratified.
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Naturalistic Observation.
Research method in which subject observed naturally
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Case Study.
Intensive study of a person or group.
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Surveys.
Consist of a large scale interview or questionare to quickly gather large sums of data.
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Longitudinal STtudy.
Study that takes place over a single person throughout there entire life.
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Cross sectional studies.
Organize individuals into groups on the basis of your age.
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Experimental Group.
The group that has taken the test pill or substance.
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Control group.
group that has been given a placebo or fake pill.
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hypothesis.
educated guess on what you think that outcome will be.
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Single blind.
only the participant is unaware if they got treatment or not.
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double blind.
neither the participants or the experiments know which group is which.
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Placebo effect.
change in the patients illness or physical state that results solely from the patients knowledge of the treatment.
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Maturation.
Internally programmed growth.
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Parenting Styles.
The way in which children seek independance and the ease with which they resolve conflicts about becoming adults.
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Adolescence.
Childhood when you are just developing better understanding.
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Initiation Rites.
Rites of passage, that mark admission into childhood.
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Puberty.
Biological event that marks the end of childhood.
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Gender Identity.
The sex group to which you physically belong.
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Gender Role.
Set of behaviors that society considers appropriate.
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Gender Stereotype.
oversimplified or distorted generalization about characteristics of a person.
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Altered state of consciousness.
Person who is not completely aware is in a different level of consciousness.
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Sleep stages.
stage i, stage ii, stage iii, stage iv deepest sleep disorders common, rem when dreams happen.
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Insomnia.
Failure to get enough sleep at night in order to feel rested the next day.
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Sleep apnea.
trouble breathing while asleep.
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narcolepsy.
suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day.
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nightmares.
unpleasent dreams occur in rem stage of sleep.
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night terrors.
sleep disruptions that occur during stage iv of sleep and involve screaming, panic, confusion.
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sleepwalking.
disorder that involves walking or carrying out behaviors while asleep.
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sleep talking.
very common, all stages, noise, whole conversations.
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dream time/content.
during rem-stage and usually has boring everyday tasks.
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hypnosis.
state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention.
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posthypnotic suggestion
suggestion made during hypnosis that influences the persons behavior.
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biofeedback
process of learning to control bodily functions
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meditation
focus on a single thoguht with the goal of clearing ones mind
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opiates
reduce pain, euphoric feelings.
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alcohol
depressant that impairs movement and causes altered mood.
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lsd
lysergic acid diethylamid, synthetic substance, taken through sugar cubes or strips of paper
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marujuana
intoxicant among eastern culture
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anxiety disorder
anxiety where a person fears the unknown or unforeseen.
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phobia
severe anxiety focused on a particular object, animal activity, or situation that seems out of porporation to real dangers.
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panic
feeling of sudden, helpless terror, such as overwhelming fright you might experience when cornered.
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obsessive compulsive disorder
where someone has an uncontrollable pattern of thoughts which they keep repeating
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post traumatic stress disorder
condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event recalls them.
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