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All lung tissure is covered with a thin slippery outer membrane?
Visceral Pleura
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Lines the inside of thoracic cavity. A small amount of fluid is found between these 2 layers and serves as a lubricant to prevent friction during breathing?
Parietal Pleura
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Is where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins?
Larynx
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Formed by facial bones, is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane that keepes contaminants such as dust and other samll particles out of the respiratory tract. In addition, the mucous membrane warms and humidifies air as it enters the body?
Nasopharynx
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Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture?
Battle's Sign
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What is the mnemonic SAMPLE?
- Signs and symptoms
- Allergies
- Medications
- Pertinent past medical history
- Last oral intake
- Events leading up to the injury or illness
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What is the mnemonic OPQRST?
- Onset:{when did it begin?}
- Provocation or palliation:[Does anything make it feel good/worse?]
- Quality:{what does pain feel like}
- Region/radiation:[Where does it hurt/does it go anywhere?]
- Severity:[on a scale of 1 to 10]
- Timing:[pain constant or comes and goes]
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What is crepitus?
A grating or grinding sensations cause by a fractured bone or joints rubbing together.
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What is diaphoretic?
Skin that is wet, moist
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What is vascontriction/
Narrowing of a blood vessel.
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What is tidal volume?
A measure of the depth of breathing and is the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during one breath.
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Often heard without a stethoscope and may indicate the patient has an airway obstruction in the neck or upper part of the chest. Hearing a crowing sound?
Stridor
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Appears to be blue in color?
Cyanosis
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In an adult, Tachycardia is more than _____ beats per minute and Bradycardia is less than _____ beats per minute.
100, 60
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Pulse rates for Adult, Adolescent[12-18], Preschool[3-6], Toddler[1-3] and Infant[1 month - 1year]?
- Adult: 60-100
- Adolescent 60-100
- Preschooler 80-140
- Toddler 90-150
- Infant 100-160
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What is Dyspnea?
Difficulty breathing.
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Wet breath sounds may indicate cardiac failure. A moist crackling, usuallly on both inspiration and expiration, known as?
Rales
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Congested brath sounds may suggest the presence of mucus in the lungs, comes with a low pitched, noisy sounds that are prominent of expiration?
Rhonchi
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Signs of difficulty breathing?
- Shallow breathing
- Retractions/accessory muscles
- nasal flaring
- can only speak a few words without pausing to breath
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Breathing rates in an Adult, Children and Infants?
- Adult: 12 -20
- Children: 15-30
- Infants: 25-50
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Orientation, tests mental status by checking a patient's memory and thinking ability by asking what questions?
- Person: Patient remembers his or her name
- Place: Patient is able to ID his/her location
- Time: Patient is able to tell you ther current year,month and date
- Event: The patient can tell you what happened.
- * If patient can aswer the 4 questions, the patient is "alert and oriented X4
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AVPU scale is a rapid method of assessing the patient's level of consciousness. What does AVPU stand for?
- A: awake and alert
- V: respondsive to Verbal stimuli
- P: responsive to Pain
- U: unresponsive
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What steps do you do on an primary assessment?
- Form a general impression
- Assess level of consciousness
- Aseess the airway, breathing and circulation
- Preform rapid scan
- Determine priority of patient care and transport
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Patent assessment process is divided into what 5 parts?
- Scene size-up
- Primary assessment
- History taking
- Secondary assessment
- Reassessment
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The circulation of blood in an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cell's current needs?
Perfusion
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The state of inadequate circulation, when it involves the entire body?
Hypoperfusion(shock)
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Pulse felt on top of the foot?
Dorsales Pedis Artery
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Carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders and upper extremities?
Superior Vena Cava
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Carries blood from the abdomen, pelves and lower extremities
Inferior Vena Cava
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What are the Great Vessels?
- Venae Cavae
- Aorta
- Pulmonary arteries and veins
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Systole: muscles ______ and diastole muscles _______?
Contract, relax
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What is plasma?
Sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients.
-
During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles do what?
Contract
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Gas that remains in the lungs to keep them open?
Residual volume
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Occasional gasping breaths and patient may appear to be breathing after heart has stopped?
Agonal respirations
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Divides the heart down the middle?
Septum
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Left ventricle supplies blood to the ____ and right ventricle supplies blood to the ____.
Body, lungs
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Right atrium receives blood from the ____ of the body and left atrium receives _____ blood from the _____.
Veins, oxygenated, lungs
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Upper airway includes what?
- Nose
- Mouth
- Tongue
- Jaw
- Oral cavity
- Larynx
- Pharynx
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Oropharynx is what?
Throat
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Trachea is the what?
wind pipe
-
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Pelvis bone is formed by the fusion of what 3 bones?
-
Forearm is composed of what?
-
What makes up the shoulder girdle?
- Clavicle(collar bone)
- Scapula(shoulder blade)
- Humerus
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Spinal column is composed of how many vertebrae and name them?
- 33 vertebrae:
- 7-Cervical
- 12-Thoracic
- 5-Lumbar
- 5-Sacrum
- 4-Coccyx
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The upper, non-movable jaw?
Maxillae
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A body part that appears on both sides?
Bilateral
-
Structures that only appear on one side of the body?
Unilateral
-
Body is laying face down?
Prone
-
Body is laying face up?
Supine
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Motion toward the midline?
Adduction
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Motion away from midline?
Abduction
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A patient who is sitting up with the knees bent?
Fowler's Position
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Position in which the patient is on a backboard or stretcher with the feet 6" to 12" higher than the head?
Trendelenburg's Position
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Outlines the care you are able to provide for the patient?
Scope of practice
-
Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin?
Lividity
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Individuals responsibilities to provide patient care?
Duty to Act
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Normal blood pressure range for systolic and diastolic in Adult, Children, Infants and Neonates?
- BP Systolic Diastolic
- Adult 90-140 60-90
- Children 80-110 60-90
- Infants 70-95 60-90
- Neonates >60 60-90
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Pulse Oximetry ranges?
- Normal 95%-100%
- Mild Hypoxia 91%-94%
- Moderate Hypoxia 86%-90%
- Severe Hypoxia <85%
-
Standing orders, training and supervision authorized by medical director is?
Offline medical control
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Directions given over the phone or radio directly from a medial director?
Online medical control
-
Lack of spontaneous breathing is?
Apnea
-
When artificial ventilations fills the stomach with air?
Gastric distention
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A balance of all systems of the body?
Homeostasis
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Caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure?
Cardiogenic shock
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Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissue, causing swelling of the affected area?
Edema
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Occurs when ther is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissue?
Obstructive shock
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2 most common types of obstructive shock are?
- Cardiac tamponade
- Tension Pneumothorax
-
Signs and symptoms of a cardiac tamponade, also referred to as Beck's Triad?
- Presence of jugular vein distention
- Muffled heart sounds
- Systolic and diastolic blood pressure starting to merge
-
Life threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and cause a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side?
Tension Pneumothorax
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Widespread dilation of the arterioles, small venules or both. The circulating blood volume pools in the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases?
Distributive shock
-
4 types of distributive shock are?
- Septic shock
- Neurogenic shock
- Anaphylactic shock
- Psychogenic shock
-
Result of severe infections, usually bacterial, in which toxins are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues?
Septic shock
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