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what are the layers of the integumentary system?
hypodermis (separates the deeper tissues from dermis, which has the connective tissue, epidermis is the skin exposed to the outside layer
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what are the layers in the epidermis?
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corenum
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what is special about the strattum basale?
- has epidermal ridges, which increase SA for nutrient uptake in the dermis
- stem cells that continues to divide
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what is the layer of the epidermis that have stopped dividing and makes keratin?
stratum granulosum
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why does the stratum corneum cells lose in sheets?
remains tightly connected by desosomes
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what are the observed differences in skin color a reflection of?
reflect the levels of melanin produced by the melanocyte
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what is sunlight used for?
converts into vitamin D, converted by kidneys to calcitriol, which is essential for the absorption of calcium
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what is the layer in the dermis that supports the epidermis?
papillary layer; it contains a deeper reticular layer which collagens and fibers
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where are the osteocytes located?
in small pockets called lacunae, between narrow sheets of calcified matrix, lamellae
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what are the basic units of a compact bone?
osteon, where osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers around a central canal
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how are spongy bone different from compact bone?
lamellae form rods or plates called trabeculae
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