-
Do NOT elicit a cellular response form
Superficial mycoses
-
Superficial mycoses affect skin involving only
stratum corneum
-
Fluoresce yellow-green under Wood's light
Pityriasis versicolor
-
Requires oil in media
Pityriasis versicolor
-
Generates a cellular response
Cutaneous mycoses (keratinized layers)
-
Caused by dematiaceous (black mold) containing melanin in its cell walls
Phaehypomycosis
-
Sinusitis: Inability to respond to multiple rounds of antibiotics
Non-invasive
-
Sinusitis: Immunocompromised ppl
Invasive
-
Sinusitis: Proptosis in children
Noninvasive
-
Sinsusitis: Calcification in sinus on CT
Noninvasive
-
Invasive sinusitis tx
Amp B
-
Anti-fungals: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Azoles
-
Antifungals: Acts on ergosterold to form pores/holes in cell membrane (Amp B)
Polyenes
-
Lungs to skin
Blastomycoses
-
Skin to lungs
Histoplasma capsulatum
-
Antifungals: Causes inhibition of protein synthesis and inhibition of DNA synthesis in the nucleus of hte cell. Deaminated by cytosine deaminase
5-Fluorocytosine
-
Antifungals: Inhibits fungal glucan synthesis, leading to depletion of the substance in the cell wall
Candins
-
Erythema nodosum
Coccidiodeomysis
-
Endemic in MS river valley dogs
Blastomycosis
-
AIDS defining fungus
Coccidiodes mycosis
-
Bat, chicken, bird droppings (esp. starlings)
Histoplasma capsulatum
-
Rural LA soil
Paracoccoidoides
-
Immunocompromised Taiwanese
Penicillosis maneffei
-
Which fungi is not yeast phase at 37 C?
Coccidiodes immitis (Spherules w/ endospores in hosts)
-
Which fungus is not a mold/mycelial phase at 25C?
Coccidiodes immitis (Mycelial phase in environment)
-
Is mucocuctaneous candidiasis associated w/ disseminated candidiasis?
No, not disseminated (but it is associated w/ HIV)
-
3 things that have increased the incidence of candidiasis
- Antimicrobial agnets
- Corticosteroids
- Central venous access devices
-
Oval yeast with a single bud
Candida albicans
-
3 things associated with candidal endocarditis
- IV drug users
- Pts. w/ prosthetic heart vlaves
- Prolonged use of central venous catheters
-
Associated w/ pigeon droppings and NOT dimorphic
Cryptococcus neoformans
-
What limits capsule formation of Cryptoccocus neoformans
High salt and polysaccharides
-
When do cryptococcus neoformation regnerate their capsules
Once they reach lungs
-
90% of AIDS pts. will develop life-threatening infection due to
Meningitis cause by Cryptococcus neoformans
-
Lumbar puncture shows encapsulated yeast. Causative agent?
Cryptococcus neoformans
-
Type of cryptococcus that infects immune competent individuals w/ pneumonia and neurologic involvement
C. gatti
-
Septate hyphae, V-branching
Aspergillus fumigatus
-
Grows only as mold
Aspergillus fumigatus
-
Nonseptate hyphae
Zygomycosis
-
Spores germinate in the sinuses of diabetics
Zygomycosis
-
Erythema migrans
Lyme Disease
-
Most common tickborne illnes in N. America and Europe
Lyme Disease
-
Spirochetes are found in tissue in earlyor late disseminated lyme disease
Early on
-
Epidemic relapsing fever transmitted by
body lice
-
Endemic relapsing fever
soft ticks
-
Name 6 intracellular bacteria. Of these which remain in the endocytic vacuole in host cell?
- Orientia
- Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
- Coxiella brunetti
- Chlamydia
- Coxiella and Ehrlichia (monocytes and macrophages)
- Anaplasma (neutrophils)
-
Rickettsia invades
endothelial cells of small blood vessels
-
Centrifugal rash
Endemic or Murine typhus
-
Endemic of Murine typhus
- Rickettsia typhi
- Flea or louse vectors
-
-
Ricketsialpox
- Rickettsia akaria
- Mouse bite, small eschar at bite site
-
Small Cell Variant of Coxiella brunetti
Phase I antigen
-
Acidophilic
Phagolysosomal vacuole at pH 4.5-5.5
-
Scrub typhus caused by
Orientia (Centrifugal rash)
-
-
Category B. bioterorrism agent
Coxiella brunetti
-
P1 adhesion protein
Mycoplasm pneumoniae
-
Erythema multiforme
Mycoplasm pneumoniae
-
Bird shop
chlamydia psittaci
-
Chlamydia trachomatis
TC PURred
- Trachoma- A,B, Ba, C
- Conjunctiva- D-K
- Pneumonia- D-K
- Urogenital infections- D-K
- Reiter's Syndrome- D-K
- LGV- L1, L2, L3
-
Elementary body
Small, infectious (Chlamydia)
-
Reticulate body
Large, non-infectious replicating form, metabolically active (Chlamydia)
-
Trachoma serovars replicate in
LGV serovars replicate in
Trachoma- Non-ciliated epithelial cells of mucous membranes
LGV- Mononuclear phaogyctes
-
No long-lasting immunity in
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
-
Primarily oral lesions thar produce gummas
Bejel
-
Yaws has an initial lesion that becomes a
large papilloma
-
Weil Syndrome, Hawaii
Leptospira interrogans/ Biflexa
-
Most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age
Bacterial vaginosis
-
Based on # of large Gram-P bacillia vs. smaller anaerobes (G-)
Nugent score
-
Most common cause of PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
HSV-2 replicates in
epithelial cells
-
Ascends PSN to DRG during latent stage
Herpes (HSV-2)
-
Transverse myelitis is complication of
Herpes
-
Most common STI worldwide
HPV
-
HPV types in genital warts
6,11
-
HPV types in cercial cancers
16, 18
-
4 anteriorflagella
Trichomonas vaginalis
-
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
Inflammationof the serous coverig of the liver, spread from PID in women only
-
Chandelier Sign
PID (Chlamydia trachomatis)
-
Gummas in what stage of syphilis
3rd
-
Hutchinson's triad
- Tooth deformation
- interstitial keratitis
- 8th nerve deafness
-
Saber shins and saddle noses
Late Congenital Syphilis
-
Jarisch-Herxheimer Rxn
Flu like symptoms due to mass killing of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) by antibiotic or other spirochete diseases (Lyme Disease, etc.)
-
Clue cells, KOH whiff test
Bacterial vaginosis
-
Copious froth yellow vaginal discharge
Trichomonas vaginalis
-
Painless genital ulcer diseases
- Syphilis
- Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)
-
Painful genital ulcer diseases
- Genital herpes
- Chancroid
- Lymphomagranuloma venereum
-
Amebic liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica
-
Trophozoite is totally ciliated
Balantidium coli
-
8 sporozoites
Cryptosporidium parvum
-
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
Naegleria fowleri
-
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)
Acanthamoeba sp., Leptomyxid amoeba
-
Trophozoites replicate by promitosis (nuclear membrane remains intact)
Naegleria fowleri
-
Trophozoites replicate by mitosis (nuclear membrane dissolves)
Acanthamoeba
-
Infect humans by penetrating the nasal mucosa and migrating to the brain via the olfactory nerves
Naegleria fowleri (PAM)
-
Cysts and trophozoites are found in tissues
Acanthamoeba
-
Bull's eye nucleus
PAM/GAE have this and PMN leukocytes don't
-
Coiled polar tubules
Microspora
-
Malignant tertian
P. falciparum
-
-
Predominant species
P. vivax
-
Most benign malaria
P. malariae
-
Causes banana shaped gametocytes
P. falciparum
-
Rupture of spleen
P. vivax, P. malariae
-
A single DNA containing mitochondrial organells where the flagellum originates
Kinetoplast
-
Romana's Sign
Acute T. cruzi
-
Kerandel's Sign
Chronic trypanosomiasis: Delayed hyperesthesia on palms and over ulnar nerve
-
Th1-response- cell mediated immunity
Leishmaniasis
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