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The authority under the Constitution to make laws and subsequently, when the need arises, to alter and repeal them
Legislative power
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statutes w/c are the written enactments of the legislature governing the relations of the people among themselves or between them and the gov't. and its agencies
laws
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double-chamber body consisting of the senate and the HOR
Congress of the Phils.
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Advantages of bicameralism
pg 236
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Disadvantages of bicameralism
pg 236
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Scope of legislative power of Congress
- Plenary or general
- Legislative powers not expressly delegated deem granted
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Pwers of congress
- General legislative power
- Specific powers
- Implied Powers
- Inherent powers
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power to enact laws intended as rules of conduct to govern the relations among individuals or between the indivivduals and the State
Genera legislative power
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they are powers w/c the Constitution expressly directs or authorizes Congress to exercise like the power to choose who shall become President in case two or more candidates have an equal and highest number of votes, to confirm certain appointments by the President, to promote social justice, to declare the existence of a state of war...
Specific powers
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They are those essential or necessary to the effective exercise of the powers expressly granted.
Implied powers
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The powers w/c are possessed and can be exercised by every government bec they exist as an attribute of sovereignty.
Inherent powers
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Principle of separation of poers
- Presidential system
- Parliamentary system
- French presidential-parliamentary system
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Principle of checks and balances
- Checks by th President
- Checks by Congrtess
- Checks by the judiciary
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Qualifications of a Senator
- a natural-born citizen of the Phils.
- at least 35 yrs of age on the day of the election
- able to read and write
- a registered voter
- a resident of the Phils for not less than two years immediately preceeding the day of the election
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Term of office (Senate)
6 years
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Composition and election (Senate)
- 24 Senators
- Elected at large by the qualified voters
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One who has all the qualificiations for a voter and none of the disqualifications provided by law and who has registered himself in the list of voters
registered voter
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the place where one has his true permanent home and to w/c, whenever absent, he has the intentiuon of returning.
residence
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Qualifications of a representaive
- a natural-born citizen of the Phils.
- at least 25 yrs of age on the day of the election
- able to read and write
- except for a party-list representative, a registered voter in the district in w/c he shall be elected
- a resident thereof for a period of not less than one yr preceeding the day of the election
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Kinds of election for members of Congress
- Regular election
- Special election
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Congress election that shall be held on the second of May
Regular election
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Congress election that may be called in case a vaxancy arises in the Senate or HOR to fill such vacancy
Special election
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Sessions of Congress
- Regular Session
- Special Session
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a number of the membership of an assembly or collective body as is competent to transact its business
Quorum
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The official record of what is done and passed in a legislative assembly.
legislative journal
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Pwer of legislative inquiry and investigation
- Sound legislation
- Other desirable benefits
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Power of Congress to declare existence of a state of war
- Concurrence of both Houses
- Existence of war before declaration by Congress
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it is one the primary and specific aim of w/c is to make appropriations of money from the public treasury
appropriations bill
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kinds of appropriations
- annual or general appropriations
- special or supplemental appropriations
- specific appropriation
- continuing appropriations
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other bills
- revenue bill
- tariff bill
- bill authorizing increase of thepublic debt
- bill of local application
- private bill
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a bill in w/c its primary and specific purpose is to raise revenue
REvenue bill
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a bill that has reference to one imposing customs duties for revenue purposes
Tariff bill
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one w/c creates public indebtedness such as a bill providing for the issuance of bonds and other forms of obligations
bill authorizing increase of the public debt
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one affecting purely local or municipal concerns like one creating a city or municipality or changing its name
bill of local application
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one affecting purely private interest, such as one granting a franchise to a person or corporation, or compensation to a person for damages suffered by him for w/c the gov't. considers itself liable
Private bill
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the financial program of the national gov't. for a designated calendar year, consisting of statements of estimated receipts from revenues and expenditures for the calendar on w/c it is intended to be effective based on the results of operations during the preceding calendar year
Budget
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a provision or enactment inserted in the general appropriations bill w/c does not relate to some particular appropriation therin
rider
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requiremnts w/ respect to special appropriations bill
pg 282
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any measure containing several subjects on unrelated matters combined together for the purpose of securing the support of members of the legislatures severally intersetd in the different subjects of the bills
hodge-podge or log-rolling
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Steps in the passage of bill
- first reading
- referral to appropriate committe
- second reading
- debates
- printing and distribution
- third reading
- referral to the other house
- submission to joint bicameral committee
- submission to the president
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a draft of a law submitted to the consideration of a legislative body for its adoption
bill
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written will of the legislature as an organized body expressed according to the form necessary to constitute it into a law of the state, and rendered authentic by certain prescribed forms and solemnities
statute
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formal parts of a law
- title
- preamble
- enacting clause
- body
- effectivity clause
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veto means
I forbid or deny
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the power vested in the President to disapprove acts passed by Congress
veto
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a formal expression of opinion, will, or intent by an official body or assembled group
resolution
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A resolution may be ____, if passed by either House for its exclusive use or purpose
simple
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A resolution may be ____, if passed independently in one HOuse and ratified by the other in the same manner as a bill
concurrent
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A resolution may be ____, if approved by both Houses meeting in joint session but voting separatley
joint
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"all taxable articles or properties of the same clas shall be taxed at the same rate"
uniformity in taxation
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exemption of certain entities and properties from property taxes
- test of exemption
- exemption of religious, charitable, and educational institutions
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the authorization by law that money may be paid out of the public treasury
appropriation
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prohibition is not violated when
- payment given as compensation
- religious use incidental
- use, public in nature
- payment based in contract
- consideration received
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prohibition against granting title of royalty or nobility
- equalitarian principle obeserved in a democratic society
- prevents creation of a priviledged class
- prohibition directed at Congress
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the reserved power of the people to directly propose and enact laws at polls called for the purpose independently of Congress or of a local legislative body
initiative
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the process by w/c any act or law or part therof passed by congress or by a local legislative body is submitted to the poeple for their approval or disapproval
referendum
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