-
E. coli antigens under genetic control
K and H
-
Phase variation protects E. coli from
Ab-mediated cell death
-
Present in 75% of E. coli neonatal meningitis
K1 capsular antigen
-
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Ipa found in pathogenesis of
EIEC and Shigella
-
CFA main virulence factor in
ETEC
-
Liver abscesses in alcoholics
Klebsiella
-
NDM-1
- Found in Klebsiella
- Causes resistance to B-lactams
-
Forms biofilms on catheters
Proteus
-
Lactose-N, swarming motility, Urease-P
Proteus
-
HA-neonatal sepsis, better to use single dose of antibiotics rather than multiple doses
E. cloaceae
-
Contact lens induced acute red eye
Serratia
-
Only one of the species that can grow without salt
V. cholerae
-
Vibrios that produce a capsule
V. vulnificus and non-O1 V. cholerae
-
2 circular chromosomes, that are each essential
V. cholerae and V. vulnificus
-
O1 V. choleraes that can shift between each other?
What is the other one?
Inaba, Ogawa
Hikojima, transitional form of cholera
Inaba <-> Hikojima <-> Ogawa
-
-
Unilateral blindness from worm
Ocular Larval Migrans (form of VLM)
-
-
Charcot-leydeon crystals in stool
Whipwom (trichus trichuria)
-
-
Megaloblastic anemia
Diphylobatum latum
-
Head curved opposite to curvature of body
Hookworms
-
Loeffler's Syndrome (pulmonary infiltrates, peripheral eosinophilia)
CLM, Hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides
-
Autoinfection due to rhabditiform larvae
Strongloides sterocoralis
-
Striated skeletal muscle
Trichinella spiralis
-
2 Phases of Trichinella spiralis. Which one is inhabited in skeletal muscle.
- Enteral
- Parenteral (skeletal muscle)
-
-
2 Phases of Filariasis
- Acute Inflammatory Disease: No genital involvement
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease: Eephantitis, recurrent orchitis
-
Ivermectin can't be used by itselfs to treat filariasis because?
It doesn't kill adults
-
African river blind sickness
Onchocerciasis
-
Snow flake corneal opacities
Onchocercera volvulus
Also gives hanging groin and subcutaneous nodeuls
-
Intense pruritic rxn w/ erythema, edema, and papules upon microfilaria death
Mazzotti rxn (Onchocerca volvulus)
-
-
Do NOT reach maturity in humans are no microfilaria are seen in blood
Dirofilaria immitis and tenuis (dog and racoon heartworm, respectively)
-
Beef tapeworm
Taenia saginta
-
Pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
-
Unarmed scolex w/ 4 suckers
Gravid proglottid has 15-30 uterine branches
No hooks
Taenia saginta
-
Scolex has 4 suckers and armed rostellum
Gravid proglottids have 7-12 branches
Double row of 22-32 hooks
T. solium
-
Fluid-filled bladder worm with an inverted scolex, causes CNS cysts
Cysticercosis
-
Ingestion of fleas containing infectie cysticerci, conical rostellum
Diplidium caninum
-
Hydatid cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
-
Ingesting imporperly cooked fish w/ infective plerocercoid larvae in their tissues --> megaloblastic anemia, humans are definitive hosts
Diphyllobothrium latum
-
Small Intestine Flukes
- F. buski
- Heterophyes heterophyes
- Metagonium yokogawei
-
Liver flukes
- F. hepatica
- Clonorchis schinensis
-
Lung flukes
P. westermani
-
-
Eosinophilia
Prominent in flukes
-
Protozoa w/ eosinophilia
Isospora belli
-
Halzoun
Eating raw sheep liver --> Fasciola hepatica
-
Jaundice is a symptom of which fluke?
Clonorchis sinensis
-
S. mansoni, which veins
Colonic mesenteric veins
-
S. japonicum
Small intestine
-
S. haematobium
Vesicle, prostatic and urinary plexus
-
Adults are diecious (NOT hermaphroditic like other trematodes)
Schistosomes
-
Only schistosome where humans are the primary reservoir
S. haemotobium
-
Pipe stem fibrosis
Schistosoma mansoni
-
Yangtze River Fever
Schistosoma japonicum
-
Schistosome that causes hematuria
Schistosoma haematobium
-
Swimmer's Itch
Bird schistome (Do NoT mature in abnormal host)
-
Encodes genes for the 2 subunits of cholera toxin in V. cholerae (ctxA and ctxB)
Bacteriophage CTXφ
-
V. parahaemolyticus hemolysis?
B- hemolysis
-
Most common cause of GI disease in Japan, most common Vibrio species causing GI disease in US
V. parahemolyticus
-
-
-
Selective agar for Vibrio
Thiosufate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS)
-
GI infection w/ campylobacter jejuni is linked w/ development of
Guillian-Barre Syndrome
-
Oxidase-P, Urease-P (NH3 raises pH, protect bacteria)
H. pylori
-
Binds to MHC II cells and causes apoptosis
H. pylori
-
Produces fluorescein and pyocyanin
Pseudomonas
-
Chelates iron, green
Fluorescein
-
O2 --> O2-, blue
Pyocyanin
-
Induces IL-17 response
PopB protein (Psuedomonas)
-
GM1 triggers
IL-8 (Pseudomonas)
-
Exotoxin A:
Produced by
Activated by
Enzymatically ribosylates
-
Dented cans, home canned vegetables, home smoked meats
C. botulism
-
Virulence factor of pseudomonas that ribosylates EF2
Exotoxin A
-
What favors Exotoxin A production by pseudomonas?
Low iron content
-
Inhibits LasR of Pseudomonas
Furanones
-
Pseudomonas protease capable of inducing inflammation
LEP
-
Pseudomonas destroys (4 parts of immune system)
- Complement
- Opsonization
- Ab
- Cytokine rxns
(Can Completely Obliterate Abs)
-
Pseudomonas is #1 cause infections
- Burn infections
- Lower respiratory infections (Mycoplasma does URI)
- Otitis externa
-
All Pseudomonas infections lead to bactermia except ofr
Chronic Infections (CF pts)
-
Cable Pili
Burkholderia cepacia (infects CF pts.)
-
Secretes B-lactamases to protect other bacteria
Strenotrophomonas maltophilia
-
Neisseria meningitidis agar
- Chocolate agar
- Thayer-Martin Agar
-
ABCYW in polysaccharide capsules
N. meningitidis
-
IgG and IgA1 abs directed against this interfere w/ bactericidal action of abs directed against LOS
RMF Protein (N. meningitidis)
-
N. meningitidis: What type of vaccine
Conjugate
-
Exacerbates COPD
Moraxella catarrhalis
-
Septic arthritis in children
Kingella kingae
-
Fermentation
Substrate level phosphorylation
-
Anaerobic respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation (creates proton gradient)
-
C. dificille toxin: Enterotoxin, chemotactic for neutrophils
Toxin A
-
C. dificile toxin: Cytotoxin, kills intestinal epithelial cell
Toxin B
-
C. dificile strain no always associated w/ antibiotic use
NAP1/027
-
What strain of C. perfringens does food poisoning
C
-
What strain of C. perfringens does necrotizing enteritis?
Type C strains
-
Drum stick shape
Clostridium tetani
-
Inhibited by serum cholesterol
Tetanolysin
-
Gynecologic toxic shock syndrome associated with post partum and post abortion women
Clostridium sordelli
-
Sulfur granules, lumpy jaw
Actinomyces
-
Legionella pneumophila media
Charcoal yeast agar
-
Produces inhibitor of oxidative burst
Legionella pneumophilia
-
Iraqi war veterans
Acinetobacter baumanni
-
MDRAB
Acinetobacter baumanni (not acquired as a single element)
-
Neutrophils protect lungs from
A. baumannii
-
Cellular casts are indicative of
Pyelonephritis
-
Contaminated milk products (goat cheese)
Brucella mellitensis
-
Drenching sweats, focal lesions in bones, joints and urinary tract
Brucellosis
-
Francisella tularensis media
Cysteine blood agar (hold plates for 3 weeks)
-
Ulceroglandular
Francisella tularensis
-
Rabbit paws/meat
Francisella tularensis
-
Bipolar staining (safety pins)
Yersinia
-
Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae
-
Resembles Kapsoi's sarcoma but w/ subacute endocarditis
Atypical CSD (B. henselae)
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