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network programming
programs created and distributed by the major networks; Lost; Grey’s Anatomy
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cable programming
no affiliates and programs - go right to the cable franchises; The Sopranos and SpongeBob
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syndication
programming sold by distribution companies to local TV stations and cable services; “off-network” and “first-run”: Everybody Loves Raymond, Seinfeld
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programs that are carried
cleared
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programs that are not carried
preemptions
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Financial Interest and Syndication Rules
- stop the networks from monopolizing entertainment production, banned from
- owning financial interest in dramatic programming, Networks pay “licensing fees” to production companies, Changes in fin-syn (1990s): networks
- allowed to own their own shows and sell them into syndication following network
- run
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Prime Time Access Rule
Intended to encourage production by non-Hollywood companies, allowing the network control of no more than 3 of the 4 ‘prime time’ evening hours, independent stations to compete with network affiliates during “Prime Time” hours
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traditional network seasons
fall: sept-oct second: jan-feb
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major studios
Columbia-Tri-Star (owned by SONY Corp.), MCA-Universal, Twentieth Television/Fox Network, Warner Bros, Paramount (part of CBS conglomerate), NBC Universal, Disney Studios
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treatment
short narrative of pitched program
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development
process where costs and legalities are worked out
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step deal
arrangements for the program put together in specific order
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Theatrical Motion Pictures
- 80% of programming is theatrical releases, or “titles” on major pay-cable services, Film studios
- sign “exclusivity deals” with pay services, Films are sold
- by distributors in “packages”
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cable series
sign of cable's programming maturity high profile regularly schedule series, saves costs by using small independent production companies and by shooting on location
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Public Television Programming
- target an “underserved” audience - not the largest possible
- audience, PBS charges membership dues to affiliates. In return, the affiliates share in the programming funded by CPB, foundations and individual
- contributions
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two primary buyers for syndication
1300 local tv stations, cable networks
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National Association of Television Program Executives
Annual convention - NAPTE plugs and showcases newly syndicated programs to local and international TV stations
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Three types of syndication
movie packages, off-net syndication, first-run
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largest buyer of syndication
cable syndication
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barter syndication
- Syndicators offer their programs to stations for free or at
- reduced cost in return for airtime
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strategies to maximize viewership
audience flow, target different audience than competitors, challenge programming
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