-
Thiamine
- Vitamin B1
- Water Soluble
- Coenzyme in transketolases and oxidative decarboxylation (pyruvate dehydrogenase)
-
Riboflavin
- Vitamin B2
- Water soluble
- Coenzyme in electron transfer reactions (FAD/FADH2)
-
Niacin
- Vitambin B3
- Water soluble
- Cosubstrate in catabolic (NAD+ -> NADH) and anabolic (NADPH -> NADP+) electron trasnfer reactions
-
Panthothenic Acid
- Vitamin B5
- Water soluble
- Acyl thioester carrier as a component of coenzyme A or prosthetic group of acyl carrier protein
-
Pyridoxine
- Vitamin B6
- Water soluble
- Coenzyme in many enzyme reactions, especially of amino acids (transaminases, deaminases, decarboxylases, etc.)
-
Biotin
- Vitamin B7
- Water soluble
- Coenzyme in Carboxylation reactions (acetyl-CoA and pyruvate carboxylases)
-
Folic acid
- Vitamin B9
- Water soluble
- accept and transfer one-carbon groups for the synthesis of methionine, thymidine, and purines
-
Cobalamin
- Vitamin B12
- Water Soluble
- Two essential functions: methionine synthesis and isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA
-
Ascorbic Acid
- Vitamin C
- Water soluble
- Antioxidant, coenzyme in hydroxylation reactions (post-translational hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen)
-
Retinol
- Vitamin A
- Fat soluble
- involved in many processes: retanoic acid is a ligand for receptor-mediated gene expression, while photoisomerization of 11-ciss to all-trans retinal is the key initial event in vision
-
Vitamin D
- Fat soluble
- a hormone involved primarily in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels
-
Vitamin K
- Fat soluble
- coenzyme in the carboxylation of Glutamate to form gamma-carboylglutamate which is required for blood clotting factor function
-
Vitamin E
- Fat soluble
- An antioxidant, helps prevent damage from reactive oxygen species
-
Cobalt
component of vitamin B12
-
fluorine
present in bone and teeth
-
Iodine
component of thyroid hormones
-
iron
component of haem pigments
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