Ancient Egypt Review Section 4 and 5

Hieroglyphics are picture-like symbols used by the Egyptians.

Papyrus is an early form of paper made from the Papyrus plant. 

An Astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars and other objects in the sky.

Lower Nubia is an ancient region of Northern Arica extending from the Nile Valley in Egypt to the present-day Sudan.  (Between the 1st and 2nd Nile cataracts.)

Upper Nubia in Egypt was an ancient region in North Eastern Africa that extended from the Nile Valley in Egypt to the present day Sudan between the 2nd and 6th cataracts.

An Artisan is a skilled worker who practices  trade such as jewelry making, ceramics, or sculpture.  Artisans were the third most important class under royal or religious leaders and warriors.

Paintings that cover the walls of tombs and temples tell us about the life of ancient Egyptians. Also, written records tell us much about their lives.

Egyptian women...

• * Had most of the rights of men
• * Could own property, run businesses, and enter legal contracts
• * Supervised farm work and hunting
• * Performed many roles such as Priestess and Dancer
• * Acted as Regents until a child was old enough to rule as Pharoah

Egyptians predicted the Nile would flood by observing the night sky.  Astronomers noticed that the Nile rose the same time they could see Sirius, the Dog Star, in the sky shortly before sunrise.  They figured out the average time between the appearances of the star.  They found that it came to about 365 days.

Because of their work on mummies, ancient Egyptians new a lot about the body  They studied the body and learned to perform surgeries.

Paper was made using the inner stalk of the Papyrus plant. 

• * These stalks were cut into narrow strips
• *  Another layer of strips were place on top of the first layer(crosswise)
• *  The sheet was then wet, pressed flat, and then dried in the sun.

Kerma was noted for its artisans, skilled at crafting items by hand.

The Kingdom of Napata was mainly known for...

• *  Taking control of Upper Egypt
• *  Then taking control of ALL OF EGYPT.

The Kingdom of Meroe was mainly known for...

* Creating their own form of hierogyphic writing or alphabet (Meroic script).

While Egypt was under Naptan Rule...

*  Naptan Kings brought back many old Egyptian ways and preserved them.

*  They began building pyramids to bury their Kings.  These pyramids were much smaller than the Great Pyramids.

Meroe was so wealthy due to its strong iron industry.

• 
• Nubia was known as the "Land of the Bow" because it had many skilled ARCHERS.

These ARCHERS killed many Egyptians who raided them.

1.  The ancient Egyptians invented a calendar with 365 days in their year.

2.  They made paper using the Papyrus plant.

3.  They created a form of handwriting called hieroglyphics.

4.  Due to their work on making mummies, they learned a lot about the human body.  They preformed surgeries, set bones, and treated injuries.

5.  They also created Medicines.

Egyptian life...

*  Had social classes. Pharoah, Upper Class (priests, nobles), Middle Class (merchants, skilled workers), Peasants (farm laborers, and builders)

*  Captured prisoners became slaves.  Slaves had rights in Egyptian society; they could own personal items, and inherit land from their masters.

*  Women had most of the rights of men.  Women could own property, run businesses, enter legal contracts, and travel freely

*  Women held various postions.  Supervisor of farm workers and hunters.  Priestess, dancer, supervisor of temples and religious sites, and regent.