Supply Chain Final

Created by the occupational safety and health act of 1970

Compensation based on time an employee has worked during a pay period

Compensation based on amount of an output an employee produced during a pay period

A pay system used by organizations to reward workers who undergo training that increases their skills

The act of specifying the contents and methods of jobs

Work that concentrates on some aspects of a product or service

Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task, by horizontal loading (the additional work is on the same level of skill and responsibility as the original job)

Workers periodically exchange jobs.

Increasing responsibility for planning and coordination tasks, by vertical loading

Groups empowered to make certain changes in their work processes

Incorporation of human factors in the design of the workplace

Analyzing how a job is done

Chart used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on movements of the operator or flow of materials.

Chart used to determine portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle

Systematic study of the human motions used to perform an operation

Guidelines for designing motion-efficient work procedures

Basic elemental motion that make up a job

Use of motion pictures and slow motion to study motions that otherwise would be too rapid to analyze

Determining how long it should take to do a job

The amount of time it should take a qualified worker to complete a specified task, working at a sustainable rate, using given methods, tools and equipment, raw meterials, and workplace arrangement

Development of a time standard based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles

Time standards derived from a firm's historical time data

Published data based on extensive research to determine standard elemental times

Technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and the idle time.

Table consisting of unordered sequences of numbers, used to determine random observation schedules

The ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed customer expectations

Prize established by the Japanese and awarded annually to firms that distinguish themselves with quality management programs

Performance, aesthetics, special features, conformance, reliability, durability, perceived quality, and serviceability

Intention of designers to include or exclude features in a product or service

The degree to which goods or services conform to the intent of the designers

Costs of activities designed to ensure quality or uncover defects

Costs of preventing defects from occuring

Costs caused by defective parts or products or by faulty services

Failures discovered during production

Failures dixcovered after delivery to the customer

An approach that evaluates the financial return of investments in quality

Annual award given by the US government to recognize quality achievements of US companies

European award for organizational excellence

A set of international standards on quality management and quality assurance, critical to international business.

A set of international standards for assessing a company's enviromental performance

A set of international standards that pertains to the quality and performance of office equipment that contains reused components

A philosophy that involves everyone in an organizationin a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer satisfaction

Incorporationg design elements that prevent incorrect procedures

Philosophy that seeks to make never-ending improvements to the process of converting inputs into outputs

Japanese term for continuous improvement

The philosophy of making each worker responsible for the quality of his or her work

A business process for improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction

A six-sigma process: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control

An approach to continuous improvement that integrates lean operation principles and six sigma techniques

A framework for problem solving and improvement activities

A systematic approach to improving a process

A diagram of the steps in a process

A tool for recording and organizing data to identify a problem

A chart of an emperical frequency distribution

Technique for classifying problem areas according to degree of importance, and focusing on the most important

A graph that shows the degree and direction of relationship between two variables

A statistical chart of time-ordered values of a sample statistic

A diagram used to search hor the cause(s) of a problem; also called fishbone diagram

Tool for tracking results over a period of time.

Technique for generating a free flow of ideas in a group of people

A tool used to organize data into logical categories

Groups of workers who meet to discess ways of improving products or processes

Technique for identifying problems and collecting information

Process of measuring performance against the best in the same or another industry

A method of asking questions about a process that includes what, why, where, when, who, how, and how much

Unique, one-time operations designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives in a limited time frame

A person who promotes and supports a project

A hierarchical listing of what must be done during a project

Program evalutation and review technique, for planning and coordinating large projects

Critical Path Method for planning and coordinating large projects

Diagram of project activities that shows sequential relationships by use of arrows and nodes

Network diagram convention in which arrows designate activities

Project steps that consume resources and/or time

The starting and finishing of activities, designated by nodes in the AOA convention

A sequence of activities that leads from the starting node to the finishing node

The longest path; determines expected project duration

Activities on the Critical Path

Allowable slippage for a path; the difference between the length of a path and the length of the critical path

Time estimates that are fairly certain

Estimates of times that allow for variation

The length of time required under optimal conditions

The length of time required under the worst conditions

The most probable length of time that will be required

Used to describe the inherent variability in activity time estimates

Assumption that path duration times are independent of each other, requiring that activity times be independent, and that each activity is on only one path

Shortening activity durations

Some or all of the team members are geographically separated

Network diagram convention in which nodes designate activities