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Physics
is the study of matter and energy and their relationships.
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Scientific method:
- 1. Make observations & collect data that leads to a ?
- 2. Formulate & test hypotheses by experiments
- 3. Interpret results & revise hypothesis
- 4. State conclusions in a form that can be evaluated by others.
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model
A model is a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept.
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system
A system is a set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study. e.g. to analyze a basketball’s motion (a) isolate the objects that will affect its motion. (b) draw a diagram that included only the motion of the object of interest.
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Fundamental units:
meter, second, kilogram
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Quantities:
length, time, mass
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Derived units
are combinations of fundamental units. e.g. g/cm3, km/h, m3, m/s2
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Precision:
degree of exactness; depends on smallest scale on measuring instrument.
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Accuracy:
measured and accepted values agree.
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Parallax:
apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from an angle.
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Significant digits
are limited by the precision of the measuring device. Sig. digits are all those known with certainty plus one estimated digit. Sig. digits are used only with measurements (not with counts unless count is approximate).
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Graphs
show relationship between 2 variables.
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Independent variable:
the experimenter changes this; on x-axis
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Dependent variable:
changes because of independent; on y-axis
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Linear relationship (straight line);
- direct proportion or relationship; y = mx + b
- m = slope
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Quadratic relationship (parabolic curve) Inverse relationship (hyperbolic curve)
- y = kx2
- xy = k or y = k/x or y = kx-1
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