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What are based on caloric intake ? （3个）
B1, B2, and B3 requirements
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What vitamins that are unsatble in alkali and light?
B1, B2, and Vit C
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Food Sources of Riboflavin (B2)
Milk & Dietary
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Deficiency of Riboflavin (B2) （两个）
- 1.) cracks in the corner of mouth and inflammation of the lips (Cheilosis)唇干裂
- 2.) tougue becomes smooth and changes color (Glossitis)舌炎
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Deficiency of B2 & B3 = SKIN CHANGES especially around the mouth, neck, and hands
- B2: cracks in the corners of mouth and inflation of the lips (Cheilosis)
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Tryptophan/ Niacin (B3) Relationship ? （两个）
1.) Tryptophan is the precursor of Niacin
2.) B1,B2,and B6 are needed to make coversion
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2/3 nacin absorbed comes from _______
Tryptophan
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Food Sources of Niacin (Tryptophan 转换 Niacin)
Milk & eggs are high in tryptophan but low in niacin
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Deficiency of Niacin (B3)
Dermatits
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1-2g niacin 3x/day may ↓
blood cholesterol level (胆固醇)
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Vitamins (5个)that are involved energy metabolism of protein, carb, and fat
B1,B2,B3,B5, and Biotin
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__________ and ________ is exchanged via the placenta 胎盘
nourishment (营养) and waste is exchanged via (通过) the placenta (胎盘) ------(营养和废物通过胎盘交换)
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Low birth weight ≤ _______lbs.
≤ 5.5 lbs.
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Low birth weight is most common among teenagers because ________________
They are at ↑ risk for impaired physical development
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__________lbs. would gained during pregnancy
25-35 lbs
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Pregnant women absorb nutrients More efficiently due to
↓ gastric & Intestinal motility (↓胃和肠道蠕动)
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↑ Alcohol = ↑ Fetal Alcohol Syndrome = ______ +__________ retardation
mental + physical retardation
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Nutrient demands during _________ are greater than during ________ (2 stages)
Lactation > Pregnancy
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Advantages of Breast feeding (3个)
- 1.) ↓ protein content in human milk in comparsion to cow's milk, which ↓ renal (kidney) solute load. (蛋白质含量在人乳中的比牛奶的低，↓肾溶质负荷)
- 2.) the lipases in human milk are superior
- 3.) ↓ risk of breast cancer
for the mom
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Formula feeding
100 % complete, but has no immunoglobulin content 免疫球蛋白含量(No Colostrum无初乳)
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Introduction to solid foods to infant between ____ - ___ months
4 - 6 months
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Children between 1-5 years may eat ___ - ___ times / day
5 - 7 times per day
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Children tend to grow in spurts (成长) so their appetite is ____
Increase
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Height/ Weight Charts 25wt 95 ht or 25ht 95wt
1.) 50th% ht. & 50th% wt. is _______
2.) 90th% ht. & 10th% wt. is________
3.) 10th% ht. & 90th% wt. is________
4.) 10th% ht. & 10th% wt. is________
5.) 90th% ht. & 90th% wt. is________
- 1.) Normal2.) Tall, uderweight child
- 3.) Short, overweight child
- 4.) Possible failure to thrive (茁壮)
- 5.) Big but proportinal child
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If kcal intake > kcal output during Childhood, Then # fat cell ↑
If kcal intake > kcal output during Adulthood, Then Size fat cell ↑
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Excessive exercise + very low fat diets in adolescence girls = ______________________
↓estrogen level (雌激素水平) which ↓ bone mass
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Advantages of breakfast (3个)
- ↑ Academic performance
- ↑ Problem- solving abilities
- ↑ BMR
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BMR begins to ↓ with age at 25 years old (Adulthood)
Adult must _________________________________ (3个) to compensate and prevent disease.
- ↑exercise
- ↓food intake
- eat quality foods
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avoid obesity, but about ____% above healthy weight is recommended.
10%
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factors affecting food intake ( nutrient use is determined by _______, ______, _______, _____, and ______ ) (5个)
- physical
- social
- physiological
- psychological
- economic factors
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During adulthood GI tract slowns down will ↓_________
↓taste buds (味蕾) 就是味觉感受器
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elderly may become malnurished due to _________ (5个)
- lonliness
- anxiety
- ↓ cooking or eating
- ↓ secretion of digesting enzymnes
- ↓ money
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2000 kcal intake, 3000 kcal output =
2000 kcal intake, 1500 kcal output =
1.) negative energy balance
2.) positive energy balance
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Intervation Programs (2个)
differences between these two
1.) Meal On Wheels --(hot meal deliver to the home 3-7days/week)
2.)Congregate Meals Program --(provide transportation to a center for nutritious meal, socialization, and nutrition education)
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Water has greater effects on performance than any other nutrients
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Athletes must conscious effort to consume water before, during, and after exercise
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Atheletes failure to replace water during exercise can result_________
- ↓performance
- nausea (恶心,反胃)
- heat stroke (中暑)
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Example of Aerobic exercise (burn fats) 有氧运动
2 questions based on this
Cardio Exercises: running, biking, skating, jumping rope, stepping, hiking.
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Salmonella (沙门氏菌) found in _________________
found in poultry that has been poorly cooked and defrosty incorrectly
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Deforsty incorrectly
dangers temperature zone b/w 40 F- 140 F for more than 2 hours
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Botulism(肉毒杆菌中毒)- most likely packaging to be fatal
avoid bulking can goods
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